本文目录
一张高中英语必修一每个单元的思维导图英文
瞬间搞定。
四种非谓语动词：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。
五种简单句：主语+谓语；主语+谓语+宾语；主语+谓语+双宾语；主语+谓语+宾语+宾补；
主语+系动词+表语。
六种复合句：定语从句、状语从句、四种名词性从句
（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）
强调句、倒装、省略、虚拟语气、情态动词、冠词、形容词和副词、连词、介词。
以上就把语法概括差不多了。另外再自己整理一下做题遇到的短语、句型和生词等就完美了。你根据我列出来的知识要点分类整理一下笔记，一般来讲收集整理80道单选题以后，你的笔记就应该有一定规模了，就是说重复内容就出现了，把同一类型的考题放在一起观察异同点，必有所获。
高中英语定语从句思维导图高清
一、定语从句的定义。
用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。定语从句通常皆置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后，这种名词(或代词)叫做先行词(antecedent)。引导宾语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。如：
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的那个学生是约翰。(who answered the question是关系代词who引导的定语从句，用以修饰who先行词student，who在从句中用作主语)
I know the reason why he was so angry. 我知道他这么生气的原由。(why he was so angry是关系副词引导的定语从句，用以修饰why的先行词reason，why在从句中用作原因状语)
定语从句一般紧跟其先行词之后。如：
The room which served for studio was bare and dusty. 这个用作工作室的房间空荡荡的，布满灰尘。(关系代词which引导的定语从句紧跟其先行词room之后)
有时亦可与先行词分离。如：
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 明天要来一位新教师教你们德语了。(关系代词who引导的定语从句与其先行词master分离)
二、关系代词的用法。
用作关联词的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which等。who，whom，whose指人，who是主格，在从句中用作主语(在非正式英语中亦可用作宾语);whom是宾格，在从句中用作宾语;whose是属格，在从句中用作定语(有时亦可指物)。如：
The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。(主格关系代词who在从句中用作主语)
The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(在非正式英语中who 代替了whom，亦可省去不用)
I know the man whom you mean. 我认识你指的那个人。(宾语关系代词whom在从句中用作宾语)
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 失去父母的孩子叫做孤儿。(属格关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，指人)
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。(属格关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，指room，可代之以of which，但后者较为正式)
that在从句中既可用作主语，亦可用作宾语（在非正式文体中可省去）；既可指人，亦可指物，但在当代英语中多指物。如：
A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read. 用铅笔写的信很难读。(关系代词that在从句中用作主语，指物)
The letter that I received from him yesterday is very important. 昨天他来的信很重要。(关系代词that在从句中用作宾语，指物)
Is he the man that sells eggs? 他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗?(关系代词that在从句中用作主语，指人)
关系代词which在从句中可以用作主语和宾语，一般皆指物，在非正式文体中可以省去。
This is the book which has been retranslated into many languages. 这就是那本有多种译本的书。(关系代词which在从句中用作主语)
Where is the book which I bought this morning? 今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿?(关系代词which在从句中用作宾语，可省去)
which在从句中亦可用作定语和表语。如：
We told him to consult the doctor, which advice he took. 我们叫他去看医生，他听取了我们的劝告。(关系代词which在从句中用作定语)
The two policemen were completely trusted, which in fact, they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上真是如此。(关系代词which在从句中用作表语)
as，than，but亦可用作关系代词。如：
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision, as was agreed beforehand. 两兄弟对这个决定都满意，它事先已经他们同意了。(关系代词as在从句中用作主语，其先行词是this decision)
He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. 他是个外国人，我是从他的口音知道的。(关系代词as在从句中用作宾语，其先行词是前面的整个句子)
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的这类故事。(关系代词as与指示代词such连用，在从句中用作宾语，其先行词是such stories)
Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. 她对他的态度同她惯常的态度完全一样。(关系代词as与指示代词same连用，在从句中用作表语，其先行词是same)
You spent more money than was intended to be spent. 你花的钱超过了预定的数额。(关系代词than在从句中用作主语，其先行词是money)
There are very few but admire his talents. 很少人不赞赏他的才干的。(关系代词but在从句中用作主语，其先行词是few，but=who don’t)
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词既可置于从句之首，亦可置于从句之末。但以置于从句之首较为正式。如：
This is the book for which you asked. 这是你所要的书。(关系代词用作介词for宾语，之首，即which之前)
This is the book which you asked for. 这是你所要的书。(介词for置于从句之末，which在此可省去)
关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时，介词须置于句末。如：
The people you were talking to are Swedes. 你与之谈话的那些人是瑞典人。(关系代词主格who用作介词to宾语时，介词to须置于从句之末，who中口语中可省去)
Here is the car that I told you about. 这儿就是我和你谈过的那辆汽车。(关系代词that用作介词about宾语，介词about须置于从句之末)
有时从句还有其它成分，介词则置于从句之中。如：
This is the boy who he worked with in the office. 那就是与他一道办公的那个男孩。
先行词指人时，关系代词既可用who，亦可用that。但关系代词在从句之中用作主语时，多用主格who。如：
Persons who are quarrelsome are despised. 好争吵者遭轻视。(除外persons，还有people，those，等皆多用who)
All who heard the story were amazed. 听到这个故事的人都感到吃惊。(代词如he，they，any，all，one等之后多用who)
I will pardon him who is honest. 我愿意宽恕他，他是诚实的。(描述性定语从句用who)
I think it is you who should prove to me. 我认为是你应该向我提出证据。(在强调结构中多用who，who在此可省去)
Who is not for us is against us. 谁不赞成我们就是反对我们。(缩合连接代词who为可代之以that)
在下列一些情况中则多用that。如：
)He was the man that the bottle fell on. 他就是瓶子落在其身上的那个人。(此处常用that作宾语指人，亦可用whom)
He is a man that is never at a loss. 他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。(that常用于泛指人)
He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car. 我望着塞满车的孩子和包裹。(兼指人与物时须用that)
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他?(避免与先行词who重复时应用that)
That’s the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday. 这个与前天求援的是同一个人。(先行词前有指示代词same时应用that)
He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。(that常用作表语)
I knew her father for the simplest, hardest working man that ever drew the breath of life. 我早知她的父亲是一个世上最简朴最努力工作的人。(先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或only等词时应用that)
先行词指物时，关系代词that与which往往可以互换。但在下列情况中多用that。如：
All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的东西不都是金子。(不定代词包括复合词something等多后接that)
It was the largest map that I ever saw. 那是我所看见过的最大的地图。(前有形容词最高级等的先行词之后多用that)
It was liberation that brought about a complete change in his life. 是解放给他的生活带来了彻底的改变。(强调结构用that)
There is a house that has bay windows. 有一栋房子有凸出的窗户。(that在此表固有的特点)
The distance that you are from home is immaterial. 你离家的距离是不足道的。(在限制性定语从句中关系代词用作表语应用that，在描述性定语从句中则应用which)
Which was the hotel that was recommended to you? 哪一个是推荐给你的旅馆?(这里用that显然是为了避免重复which)
在下列情况中则多用which。如：
Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book. 拉里把我在书本开关叙述过的那个关于一个青年飞行员的故事讲给她听。(离先行词较远时常用which)
A store should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 商店应存在最畅销的货物。(“those+复形名词”之后多用which)
I have that which you gave me. 我有你给我的那个。(which比较正式，在非正式英语中也可用that)
Beijing, which was China’s capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京曾是八百多年的中国首都，有很丰富的历史文物。(描述性定语从句一般皆用which)
This is the one of which I’m speaking. 这就是我所讲的那个。(介词之后须用which)
用作关联词的关系副词有when，where，why等。when在从句中用作时间状语，其先行词须是表时间的名词。如：
We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们打算把野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能转好。(关系副词when的先行词是next week)
He came last night when I was out. 他昨晚来时我出去了。(关系副词when的先行词是last night)
since，before，after亦可用作表时间的关系副词。如：
Every hour since I came has been most enjoyable. 我来之后的每一个小时都是非常好玩的。(since用作关系副词)
On the day before we left home there came a snowstorm. 在我们离家的前一天，下了一场暴风雪。(before用作关系副词)
The year after she had finished college she spent abroad. 她大学毕业后的一年是在国外度过的。(after用作关系副词)
that有时亦可用作表时间的关系副词。如：
It happened on the day that I was born. 那件事是在我出生的那一天发生的。(that=when)
Little do I remember the day that I first met her. 我几乎不记得与她初次见面的日子。
where在从句中用作地点状语，其先行词须是表地点的名词。如：
They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw Ibsen’s “The Doll’s House”. 他们去皇家剧院看了易卜生的《傀儡家庭》。
The place where Macbeth met the witches was a desolate heath. 麦克白遇见女巫的地方是一片荒原。
where的先行词亦可是有地点含义的抽象名词。如：
He has reached the point where a change is needed. 他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。(where的先行词point是抽象名词)
why在从句中用作原因状语，其先行词只有reason。如：
That is no reason why you should leave. 那不是你必须离开的原因。(why先行词是reason)
He refused to disclose the reason why he did it. 他拒绝透露他做那件事的原因。(why先行词是reason)
有时why可以省去。如：
That’s one of the reasons I asked you to come. 那是我要你来的原因之一。(reasons后省去why)
有时why可用that代替。如：
The reason that he died was lack of medical care. 他死于缺乏医疗。(why由that代替)
当先行词为the way的时候，关系副词也可以用that，例如：
This is the way that he solved the problem. 这是他解决问题的方法。
I don't like the way that he talks. 我不喜欢他说话的样子。
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，对它有限制作用。因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。限制性定语从句前一般不用逗号。如：
What is the name of the boy who brought us the letter? 给我们带信的那个男孩叫什么名字?
There is much which will be unpleasing to the English reader. 有许多东西将会使英国读者不愉快。
The teacher told us that Tom was the only person that was reliable. 老师告诉我们，汤姆是惟一可依赖的人。
I shall never forget the day when we first met in the park. 我永远不会忘记我们在公园相见的那一天。
Is there a store around where we can get fruit? 附近有可以买到水果的商店吗?
Do you know the reason why I came late? 你知道我迟到的原故吗?
非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)只与先行词有一种松散的修饰关系，用逗号与先行词分开。因此从句中的关系代词不能省略。that一般不引导非限制性定语从句。如：
I like to chat with John, who is a clever fellow. 我喜欢与约翰交谈，他是个聪明人。
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for ten years. 我又一次来到了波士顿，我有十年没有到这里来了。
非限制性定语从句形式上是从句，其功能实质上相当于一个分句。如：
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。(who实际上=and she)
When he was seventeen he went to a technical school in Zurich, Switzerland, where he studied mathematics and physics. 他17岁时，到瑞士苏黎世一专科学校上学，他在那里学习数学和物理学。(where=and there)
有时描述性定语从句的含义相当于一个状语从句。如：
We don’t like the room, which is cold. 我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。(which is cold=since it is cold)
He said he was busy, which was untrue. 他说他很忙，其实不然。(which was untrue=though it was untrue)
I want him, who knows some English. 我要他，他懂得些英语。(who knows some English=for he knows some English)
名词性从句状语从句和定语从句之间的区别
1、定义不同
名词性从句：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
定语从句：一个句子跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。
2、范围不同
名词性从句是一个泛称，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
定语从句则是一种确定的从句名称。
3、先行词作用不同
That引导定语从句中that担当定语从句句子成份。
例句：The fact that she told me is very important. 她告诉我的事实很重要。
That引导同位语从句that不但当句子成份，但是一般也不能省略。
例句：The fact that she hasn't known the result of the exam is clear. 她还不知道考试结果的事实是显而易见的。
高中英语名词性从句,定语从句区别和联系
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。
一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句
(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句
(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。
定语从句也称为关系从句或形容词性从句，由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（as, when, where, why）等引导。关系词除了起引导作用外，还在从句中指代前面的先行词，并在从句中担任一定的成分。
一、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言，可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号，表示对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开，是对先行词进行补充说明，相当于并列句。如：
He is the man who has strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人。（限定性定语从句）
My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作，他下周将回来。（非限定性定语从句）
注：1. 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导，一般用which，as或who（指人）。用which或as引导时，既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。如：
He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. （which指代整个主句，在从句中作主语）
2. as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前。如：
As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.
The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly.
3. 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时不能省略。如：
The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)
She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. (whom不能省去)
二、通常只用关系代词that，不用 which，who或whom的几种情况
1. 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时。如：
All that you want are here.
2. 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修饰时。如：
There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.
3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4. 当出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时。如：
We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.
5. 当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：
Who is the person that is standing over there?
6. 当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that，但经常可以省略。如：
I know the difference (that) there is between you.
7. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用that。如：
He does not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和过去不一样了。
三、as 与其他词连用引导的定语从句
as 引导定语从句时，可指人也可指物，通常与the same，such，so等连用，形式为：the same… as，such… as，as …as，so… as。As在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如：
She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样。(as代替事，作宾语)
I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借给你使你感兴趣的书。(as代替物，作主语)
注：the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”，指同类事物；that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”，指同一事物。如：
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样。（类似的笔）
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。（同一支笔）
四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+which/whom”结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况：
1．定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配。如：
This is the college in which I am studying.
He is the man about whom we are talking.
2．先行词与介词的习惯搭配。如：
The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度。
3．当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词。如：
I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.
I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.
注：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with；有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。如：be familiar with/to，compare with/to等。
有时为表意清楚，还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等。如：
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡，从这里，放风筝的运动传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度。
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