本文目录
高中英语重点句型及例句
强调句型的构成是:It
is
(was)
+
被强调部分+
that
(who)
+
句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在
It
is
(was)
之后,其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,可以由who代替that。
1.
被强调的成分举例:
原句:Tom
found
my
pen
in
the
classroom
yesterday.
强调主语:It
was
Tom
who
/
that
found
my
pen
in
the
classroom
yesterday.
强调宾语:It
was
my
pen
that
Tom
found
in
the
classroom
yesterday.
强调地点状语:It
was
in
the
classroom
that
Tom
found
my
pen
yesterday.
强调时间状语:It
was
yesterday
that
Tom
found
my
pen
in
the
classroom.
2.
强调句型的一般疑问式:
直接把is或was提到it之前即可。例如:
Was
it
Tom
that
found
your
pen
in
the
classroom
yesterday?
3.
强调句型的特殊疑问式:
特殊疑问词+
is
(was)
it
+
that
+句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。例如:
Who
was
it
that
found
your
pen
in
the
classroom
yesterday?
4.
that
(who)
有时可以省略:
这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。例如:
It
was
my
brother
(that
/
whom)
you
saw
the
other
day.
5.
强调原因状语从句要注意:
若从句由as或since引导,强调时则改为because,这是因为,because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈,符合强调句的目的。例如:
As
she
got
up
late,
she
missed
the
first
bus.
变为:
It
was
because
she
got
up
late
that
she
missed
the
bus.
6.
强调句的否定转移:
有些否定句在变成强调句时,要把否定转移到被强调的词语之前。尤其是“not...
until...”句式的强调要特别注意。例如:
He
didn't
realize
his
mistake
until
the
teacher
had
told
him.
变为:
It
wasn't
until
the
teacher
had
told
him
that
he
realized
his
mistake.
【注意】
在强调句式中,虽然not被提前,但“not...
until...”句型不要倒装。
高考中强调句型考查热点
考点一:强调句型的基本结构
强调句型“It
is
/
was
+
被强调的成份
+
that
+
其他成份”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that只起连接作用,不作成份,但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊,如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、V-ing的复合结构等。如:
It
was
in
the
library
that
I
saw
her
yesterday.
我昨天正是在图书馆见到她的。
考点二:特殊句式中的强调句型
1.
如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词,表示“到底”、“究竟”等语气时,就用如下结构:
“特殊疑问词
+
is
/
was
+
it
+
that
+
该句的其余部分”。如:
How
is
it
that
you
usually
go
to
work?
你通常是怎样去上班的?
2.
在强调“not...
until”结构中由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时,要用固定的强调句型:“It
+
is
/
was
+
not
until...
+
that
+
该句的其余部分”,that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。如:
His
father
didn't
come
back
from
work
until
12
o'clock.
=
It
was
not
until
12
o'clock
that
his
father
came
home
form
work.
直到12点他的爸爸才下班回家。
考点三:强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句的判断
强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。试比较:
It
was
on
March
1
that
I
had
my
hair
cut.
(强调句)
It
was
March
1
when
I
had
my
hair
cut.
(后面是定语从句)
判断是否是强调句,可采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后,句子各种成份完整,则是强调句。否则不是。如第一句可还原成:I
had
my
hair
cut
on
March
1.
考点四:偶尔考查谓语动词的强调句式
英语中常用助动词do、does或did强调谓语。如:
He
did
go
to
the
airport
yesterday,
but
he
didn't
find
you.
他昨天确实去了机场,但他没有找到你
高中英语反义疑问句教案
疑问句(questions)指提出问题,请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按结构可分为四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
2、特殊疑问句的构成及用法
(1)它的结构一般为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),如:
What can be done about it?
对此能做些什么呢?
Which are yours?哪些是你的?
Who would like to come for a game of football?谁愿意来踢场足球呀?
What did you say?你说什么?
Why didn’t you tell me?
你为什么没有告诉我?
(2)特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词,如:
Which present did you give to whom?
你把哪件礼物给了人啦?
When and where did you meet?你们何时在何地相遇的?
(3)特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首,如:
By whom is the book written?此书是谁写的?
Since when have you lived here?
你从什么时候起住在这里的?
(4)疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的语序相同,如:
Who is in the room?谁在房间里?
(5)“why+一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等,而不能归为特殊问句,如:
Why don’t you come earlier?
你为什么不早些来呢?
Why not go skiing?为何不去滑雪呢?
3、特殊疑问词
特殊疑问词可分为两类:疑问代词和疑问副词
(1)疑问代词
疑问代词主要有五个,分别为:who,whom,which,what,whose。它们没有性和数的变化,除了who外也没有格的变化。
疑问代词
意义
作用
例句
who
谁
作主语, 用来指人
Who is the girl under the tree?
Who is not here?
Whom
谁
作宾语,用来指人
Whom are you writing to?
Whom do you want to see?
Whose
谁的
用来指所属关系,如果作定语,一般后接名词
Whose pen is this?
Whose are those shoes?
Which
哪个,哪些
用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择
Which girls will be in the sports meeting?
Which hat is lily’s ?
What
What
通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下
What can you see in the picture?
What is in the teacher’s room?
(2)疑问副词
疑问副词包括when,where,why,how及how与其他副词和形容词组成的疑问词。
疑问副词
意义
用法
例句
when
何时
询问时间
When will she return?
Where
何地
询问地点
Where do you come from?
Why
为什么
询问原因
Why are you late for school?
How
如何
询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等
How do you usually go to school?
How old
多大
询问年龄
How old is Jim’s little brother?
How much/many
多少
询问数量
How many friends do you have?
How far
多远
询问距离
How far is it from your home to school?
How long
多长、多久
询问时间的长度或距离
How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often
多长时间一次
询问频率
How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon
多久
询问时间
How soon will you come back?
4、特殊疑问句的答语
特殊疑问句的答语的重点是对疑问词的回答非所问,因此,不再需要用yes或no。在回答时,可以用一个词或词组,也可以用一个较为完整的句子。
问句
简略答语
整句答语
Who has borrowed my bike?谁借了我的自行车?
Jack. 杰克。
Jack has borrowed your bike.
When did he borrow my bike?他什么时候借了我的自行车?
This morning. 今天早晨。
He borrowed your bike this morning.
Where is he?他现在在何处?
At the office. 在办公室。
He is at the office.
What is he doing there?他在那儿干什么呢?
Working. 工作
He is working.
Whose bike is this?这辆自行车是谁的?
Mr. Smith’s. 史密斯先生的。
It’s Mr. Smith’s bike.
(三)选择疑问句
1、选择疑问句概述
选择疑问句(alternative questions)一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,供选择的两部分由or连接,前者用升调,后者用降调,如:
Will you go there by bus or by train?
你准备乘汽车,还是乘火车去那儿?
What would you like,coffeeor tea?
你想要什么,咖啡还是茶?
How many pens do you have ,oneor two?
你有几枝钢笔,一枝还是两枝?
2、一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句
Is it right or wrong?是对还是错?
Were you or he there?是你还是他在那儿?
Are they reading,chatting or watching television?他们是在看书、聊天,还是在看电视?
Do you want to go there by land or by air?
你将乘车还是乘飞机去那儿?
3、特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句
Which do you like better,coffeeor milk?
你更喜欢喝什么,咖啡还是牛奶?
What colour is it,red,blue or yellow?
它是什么颜色,红的,蓝的,还是黄的?
Where are you going,to theclassroom or to the library?你要去哪儿,教室还是图书馆?
How shall we go,by sea or by land?
我们怎么去,走水路还是陆路?
4、or not构成的选择疑问句
Do you want to buy it or not?
你是想买它还是不想买?
Are you ready or not?
你准备好了还是没有准备好?
5、选择疑问句的答非所问语
选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能用yes或no,如:
—Do you go to work by bus or by bike?
你乘公交车还是骑自行车去上班?
—By bus.乘公交车。
—Which would you like, tea or coffee?
你要茶还是咖啡?
—Coffee.咖啡
6、or连接的选择疑问句
并列部分可以是多种句子成分
(1)表语,如:
—Are you an Englishman or an American?
你是英国人还是美国人?
—I’m from England.我是英国人。
(2)状语,如:
—Is the delegation arriving today or tomorrow?
代表团今天到还是明天到?
—Today,I think.我想是今天到。
(3)宾语,如:
—Would you like coffee or tea?
你要咖啡还是茶?
—Tea, please.请给我茶。
(4)谓语,如:
—Shall we watch TV or go to the concert?
我们是看电视还是去听音乐会?
—I’d prefer to go to the concert.
我宁愿去听音乐会。
(5)分句,如:
—Shall I come to pick you up or shall we meet at the airport?
我来接你还是咱们去机场碰头?
—As you please.随便。
(四)反意疑问句
1、反意疑问句的构成
反意疑问句(disjunctive questions)是一种常用于口语的疑问句,这种问句由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加的一简短问句(称为question tag),中间用逗号隔开,因此,反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。如果陈述句是肯定句式,附加问句用否定句式;如果陈述句是否定式,附加问句用肯定句式。附加问句一般为“be动词(助动词、情态动词)+代词”构成,如:
They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday,did they?
他们昨天没有扫扫教室,是吗?
You’re coming,aren’t you?你会来的,不是吗?
John doesn’t like tea,doeshe?
约翰不喜欢茶,是吗?
She can’t swim,can she?她不会游泳,对吗?
This is your car,isn’t it ?这是你的车,对吧?
You don’t like rock music,doyou ?
你不喜欢摇滚乐,对吧?
2、反意疑问句需注意的问题
(1)附加问句中的主语要用代词,如果陈述句的主语是代词,用相应的代词即可,如果陈述句的主语是名词,用相应的代词指代该名词,如:
He is your teacher,isn’the?
他是你的老师,是吧?
Li lei gets up at six in the morning,doesn’t he?
李雷每天早上6点钟起床,是吗?
(2)如果陈述句中有系动词或情态动词或助动词,附加疑问句中用与它相应的肯定或否定形式即可;如果没有,就要根据陈述句的时态选择适当的助动词,如:
Tom has finished his homework,hasn’the?
汤姆己经完成了他的家庭作业,是吗?
She went to Shanghai yesterday,didn’tshe?
她昨天去上海了,是吗?
(3)有些句子包含表示否定意义语,也算否定句,如:
There’s little water in the bottle,is there?
瓶子里没有水了,是吗?
(4)在个别情况下,前后两部分可以都是肯定或都是否定。这时有特殊的涵义,如:
You sold that lovely bracelet,didyou ?(=I’m sorry you did.)
你把那只漂亮手镯卖了,是吗?(真遗憾。)
3、反意疑问句的语调
(1)通常陈述句部分用降调,附加问句用升调,如:
He can’t swim,can he?他不会游泳,是吗?
Lily likes sports,doesn’t she?
丽莉喜欢运动,是吗?
(2)对自己的看法比较肯定而又希望听者同意这种看法时,前后都用降调:
You don’t like rock music,do you?期望回答:No,I don’t.
You like rock music,don’tyou?期望回答:Yes,I do.
4、反意疑问句的答语
(1)反意疑问句的答语一般由yes或no引导的简略答语来回答,但是要注意时态及代词的呼应,如:
—She is your teacher,isn’tshe?
她是你的老师,是吧?
—Yes ,she is.是的,她是。
—No,she isn’t.不,她不是。
—Li lei gets up at six in the morning,doesn’t he?
李雷每天早上6点钟起床,是吗?
—Yes,he is.是的,他是。
—No ,he isn’t.不,他不是。
(2)在前否定后肯定的句子中,yes含义为“不”,no含义为“是”,如:
She can’t swim,can she ?她不会游泳,对吗?
Yes ,she can.不,她会。
No,she can’t.是的,她不会。
She isn’t your teacher,isshe?
她不是你的老师,对吧?
Yes,she is.不,她是。
No,she isn’t.是的,她不是。
5、一些特殊句式的反意疑问句
(1)陈述句是I am…结构,反意问句用aren’tI 或am not I,如:
I’m right,aren’t I?我是正确的,对吗?
I’m late,am not I?我迟到了,是吗?
(2)陈述句的主语是不定代词时,如果是表示物的everything,anything,something,nothing时,反意问句的主语it,谓语动词用单数,如果是表示人的everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,no one时,反意问句的主语可用they,也可用he,谓语动词用相应的单、复数,如:
Nothing is serious,is it?没什么严重的,是吗?
No one was hurt,were they?没有人受伤,是吗?
Everybody knows what I said,don’tthey?
每个人都懂了我所说的,是吗?
Everyone knows his job,doesn’the?
每个人都了解他的工作,是吗?
(3)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that时,疑问句的主语用it,谓语单数;如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词these,those,则疑问句的主语用they,谓语用复数,如:
This is very important,isn’tit?
这是非常重要的,是吗?
Those are cups,aren’t they?
这些是茶杯,是吗?
(4)如果陈述部分以不定代词one作主语,附加疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one,在非正式场合用you,如:
One can’t be too careful, can one(you)?最认真不过如此了,是吗?
(5)陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式或动名词时,疑问部分的主语用it,谓语用单数,如:
What you said is wrong,isn’tit?
你说的错了,不是吗?
To learn English well isn’t easy,is it?
学好英语不容易,是吗?
Practising speaking English every morning will do you good,won’t it?
每天早上练习说英语对你有好处,不是吗?
(6)陈述句中的谓语动词是there be,后边的疑问部分也用there be形式,如:
There is an apple on the table,isn’tthere?
桌子上有只苹果,是吗?
There’re some trees on the island,aren’t there?小岛上有一些树,是吗?
(7)陈述句谓语动词是wish,表示征求意见时,反意问句用may,如:
I wish to have another piece of cake,may I?
我想再要一块蛋糕,可以吗?
I wish to go home now ,may I?
我想现在就回家,可以吗?
(8)陈述句句中有hardly,seldom,rarely,no,nothing,never,little,few,nobody,nowhere,barely,neither,too…to等表示否定意义的词时,反意问句用肯定式,如:
You will never forget it ,willyou?
你永远不会忘记这件事,是吗?
There is nothing on the table,isthere?
桌子上什么也没有,是吗?
She has few friends,doesshe?
她几乎没有朋友,是吗?
(9)如果陈述句中的否定式仅带有否定词缀(前缀或后缀),则将其看成肯定句,反意问句一般仍用否定式,如:
He is unfit for his job,isn’the?
他并不适合他的工作,是吗?
That’s unfair,isn’t it?那是不公平的,对吗?
(10)陈述句中的谓语动词为have/has to/had to时,其疑问部分的谓语动词应用don’t /doesn’t/didn’t,如:
He has to get up at four tomorrow,doesn’t he?他明天不得不4点钟起床,是吗?
They had to leave early,didn’tthey?
他们不得不早些离开,是吗?
(11)陈述句中的谓语动词为used to时,其疑问部分的谓语动词有两种形式,如:
He used to live in London,usedn’the/didn’t he?他过去住在伦敦,是吗?
There used to be a cinema here before the war,usedn’t there/didn’t there?
战争前,这儿有一家电影院,是吗?
(12)陈述句中的谓语动词是ought to,则疑问部分的谓语动词通常用ought/oughtn’t代替,如:
Such things ought not to be allowed,ought they?
这样的事情是不允许的,是吗?
He ought to be punished,oughtn’the?
他应该受到惩罚,是吗?
或We ought to go ,ought we not?
我们应该去,是吗?或we ought to go ,should we not?
(13)当陈述部分有dare或need时,若dare和need为实义动词,疑问部分的谓语动词用do的适当形式;若dare和need为情态动词,疑问部分用dare或need构成,如:
We need to do it,don’t we?
我们需要做这种事,是吗?
You daren’t go there,dareyou?
你不敢去那里,是吗?
(14)含有情态动词must的句子
1)若陈述句中强调对现在的情况的推测,疑问部分用aren’t/isn’t+主语,如:
You must be tired,aren’t you?
你一定很累了吧,对吗?
2)陈述句中谓语动词是must have+过去分词时,若陈述句中强调过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用didn’t +主语,如:
He must have met her yesterday,didn’the?
他想必是昨天下午见过她了,是吗?
3)若陈述句中强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用haven’t/hasn’t+主语,如:
You must have seen the film,haven’tyou?
你想必是看过这部电影,是吗?
4)若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问句的部分则用needn’t,如:
You must go home right now,needn’tyou?
你有必要马上回家,是吗?
5)当mustn’t表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用may,如:
You mustn’t walk on grass,mayyou?
不许在草地上走,知道吗?
(15)祈使句的反意疑问句,一般在句尾加will you,如:
Give me a hand,will you?帮帮我,好吗?
Stop that noise,will you?别吵了,行不行?
Don’t forget it,will you?
别忘了它,好吗?
Don’t talk any more,willyou?
别再说话了,好吗?
注意:在陈述部分是肯定的句子中,也可用won’t you。
(16)let’s开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用shall we;letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用will you,如:
Let’s go there, shall we?我们去那里,好吗?
Let us go there,will you?
在口语中,也可用下面形式:
Let’s go fishing. All right(or OK)?
我们去钓鱼,好吗?
(17)主从复合句的附加问句
1)复合句的反意疑问句一般是根据主句的主语和谓语形式构成反意疑问部分的,如:
He said that we were happy,didn’the?
2)复合句的主句是I think(expect,suppose,believe,suspect,imagine)时,附加问句要根据主句而定,主语是第一人称时,要根据从句而定,主语为第二、三人称时,与主句保持一致,并且要注意否定的转移,如:
I suppose he is serious,isn’the?
我想他很严肃,是吗?
You think she is a good teacher,don’tyou?
你认为她是一个好老师,是吗?
I believe he can find her mother nowhere,can he?
我相信他到哪里也找不到她的妈妈,不是吗?(注意,用nowhere为否定句)
I expect they will win the match,won’tthey?
我希望他们赢得那场比赛,不是吗?
Your brother thinks you can do the job well,doesn’t he?
你弟弟认为你能把这项工作做好,不是吗?
I don’t think he is the suitable man for the job,is he?
我认为他不是做那项工作的合适人选,不是吗?
(18)并列复句的反意疑问句
这种反意疑问句,其疑问部分一般与最接近的分句的主、谓语保持一致,如:
We must start at once or we can’t get there on time,can we?
我们必须马上出发,否则我们将不能按时到达那里了,对吗?
He is a teacher but his wife isn’t a teacher,is she?
高中英语句型大全!有例句最好啦
动词的时态
一般现在时的用法
一般过去时的用法
used to/be used to
一般将来时
be going to/will
be to和be going to
一般现在时表将来
用现在进行时表示将来
现在完成时
比较过去时与现在完成时
用于现在完成时的句型
比较since和for
since的四种用法
延续动词与瞬间动词
过去完成时
用一般过去时代替完成时
将来完成时
现在进行时
不用进行时的动词
过去进行时
将来进行时
一般现在时代替将来时
一般现在时代替过去时
一般现在时代替完成时
一般现在时代替进行时
现在进行时代替将来时
时态一致
时态与时间状语
动词的语态
let 的用法
短语动词的被动语态
表示"据说"或"相信"的词组
不用被动语态的情况
主动形式表示被动意义
被动形式表示主动意义
need/want/require/worth
句子的种类
句子的种类
感叹句结构
强调句结构
用助动词进行强调
反意疑问句
倒装
倒装句之全部倒装
倒装句之部分倒装
以否定词开头作部分倒装
so,either,nor作部分倒装
only在句首要倒装的情况
as,though引导的倒装句
其他部分倒装
主谓一致
并列结构作主语谓语用复数
主谓一致中的靠近原则
谓语动词与前面的主语一致
谓语需用单数
指代意义决定谓语的单复数
与后接名词或代词保持一致
虚拟语气
真实条件句
非真实条件句
混合条件句
虚拟条件句的倒装
特殊的虚拟语气词:should
wish的用法
比较if only与only if
It is (high) time that
need"不必做"和"本不该做"
名词性从句
引导名词性从句的连接词
名词性that-从句
名词性wh-从句
if,whether引导的名词从句
否定转移
定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
判断关系代词与关系副词
限制性和非限制性定语从句
介词+关系词
as,which非限定性定语从句
先行词和关系词二合一
what/whatever/that...
关系代词that的用法
状语从句
地点状语从句
方式状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
比较while, when, as
比较until和till
表示"一…就…"的结构
连词
并列连词与并列结构
比较and和or
表示选择的并列结构
表示转折或对比
表原因关系
比较so和 such
情态动词
情态动词的语法特征
比较can 和be able to
比较may和might
比较have to和must
must表示推测
表示推测的用法
情态动词+have+过去分词
should和ought to
had better表示最好
would rather表示"宁愿"
will和would
情态动词的回答方式
带to的情态动词
比较need和dare
否定句和一般疑问句
(1)常见的否定句做法
1.含有be动词的否定句:
规则:在be动词后面+not,另外is not可缩写成isn’t,are not可缩写成aren’t,was可缩写成wasn’t,were可缩写成weren’t,但am not不可缩写。
2.含情态动词的否定句:
规则:在情态动词后+not,必要时可缩写。
3.带有行为动词的句子否定句做法:
(1)单数第三人称做主语(he she it或代表单个人或物的第三人称名词):
规则:要在行为动词前加上助动词doesn’t,然后找动词恢复原形。
(2)其它人称作主语:
规则:在行为动词前加don’t,句子中行为动词的用原形。
句型
1.含be动词的基本结构:
be的现在形式为am,is,are.
(1)主语是I,用am.
(2)主语是he,she,is,一个人名或一个称呼(也就是第三人称单数),用is.
(3)主语是复数或是you,用are.
(4)在有助动词,情态动词句子和祈使句中用be原形。
2.动词have的基本句型:
谓语动词have表示拥有某物,有人称和数的变化。
当主语是第一人称(I,we),第二人称(you)以及第三人称复数(they及其他复数名词并列主语等),用have,当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it或单数名词),用has.
(1)肯定句:主语+have/has+宾语+其他
(2)一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+have+宾语+其他?
(3)肯定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+have+宾语+其他
3.There be结构:
(1)there be的现在时是there is或there are,表示有。存在形式的有,其后加上地点,就是“在某处有什么”。there is表示有的东西为单数,或不可数形式。there are表示有的东西为复数。(另外there be句型有就近原则,即be动词随第一个名词的单数或复数形式的变化而变化)
(2)some,any常用在there be句型中,some一般在肯定句中表示几个或一些,any一般在否定句或一般疑问句中使用。
(3)有的人或物是几种,以第一种的形式为准。
(4)特殊疑问句为How much / many …?和What’s …?
4. 祈使句
用来表示命令、请求或劝告的句子,称为祈使句,祈使句的否定式是在前面加Do not。
5. 感叹句
感叹句就是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。
由how或what+被强调的部分+其余的陈述部分。
6. 反义疑问句
反义疑问句是问话的人对问的问题有一定的看法,需要答话的人给以证实,其结构一般为两部分,前边是陈述,后面是提问;如果前面是肯定形式,后面应是否定提问;而前边是否定形式;后面则是肯定提问。
7. 现在进行时
表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。结构为be(am / is / are)+动词的现在分词,现在分词的变化有三种,句式是:
(1)肯定句:主语+am / is / are +v.ing
(2)否定句:主语+am / is / are + not + v.ing
(3)一般疑问句:Am / Is / Are + 主语+ v. ing
8. 一般现在时
表示经常性或习惯性的动作或目前存在的状态,也表示主语具备的特性和能力及客观真理。
(1)当主语是第一,第二和第三人称复数时,
肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他
否定句:主语+don’t +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其他?
(2)当主语是第三人称单数时
肯定句:主语+动词(单三——do+es 即does)+其他
否定句:主语+doesn’t+动词+其他
一般疑问句:Does +主语+动词+其他?
(3)动词的第三人称单数有四种基本的变化规则。
(4)特殊疑问句的结构:
特殊疑问词+助动词do / does +主语+动词原形+其他?
祈使句及there be句型
(一)祈使句
1. 祈使句的特点及构成。
(1)祈使句是提出请求、建议、命令、号召等的句子。
(2)祈使句的主语常常省略,句中的谓语动词放句首,或在谓语之前用please,please也可放在句末。
(3)祈使句中的动词后面通常用一介词,构成固定搭配,在句中作谓语。
(4)祈使句中谓语用原形动词。
2. 祈使句的级与包含意义(第一人称祈使句)
例:
(1)原级open :Please your books . 请打开你们的书。
有礼级:Would you please open your books ? 请打开你们的书好吗?
否定式:Would you please don’t open the door ? 请你不要打开门好吗?
(2)第一人称祈使句
例:原级:Let’s read the book . 让我们看书吧。
否定式:Let’s not read the book . 让我们别看书了。
3. 提供帮助的Let …在句中的使用
例:Let me help you . 让我来帮助你吧。
Let me carry the box . 让我来拿这个大盒子吧。
4. 祈使句的否定形式:直接在句首加上Don’t。
例:Don’t throw it like that . 不要像那样子扔它。
Please don’t open this box . 请不要打开这个盒子
(二)there be句型
1. there be句型在句中的使用。
肯定陈述句:
(1)There is a picture on the wall .
(2)There are some hills in the picture .
否定陈述句:
(1)There isn’t a picture on the wall .
(2)There aren’t any hills in the picture .
疑问句及简略回答:
(1)Is there a bird in that three ? Yes , there is . No , there isn’t .
(2)Are there any books on the table ?
2. 对there be句型的分析
(1)there be句型表示“有”,there是引导词,be是谓语动词。
(2)在there be句型中,谓语be随后面的主语变化而变化,取得人称和数的一致。
3. 关于there be句型的几个例子。
例:There is a new E-mail in the mailbox . 在邮箱里有一封新的电子邮件。
There aren’t any cups on the table . 在桌上没有任何的茶杯。
Are there any children in the garden ? 在花园里有孩子吗?
There is a pen and some books on the desk . 在课桌上有一支笔和一些书。
一、 被动语态的用法:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1. 先找出谓语动词;
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例: Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to 。
例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.</CA>
高中英语语法讲解
一:非谓语:(1)形式有三种:动词不定式,动名词,分词。
动词不定式相当于名词,形容词,副词,可做主语,宾语,宾补,表语,定语,状语(即谓语以外的所有句子成分);动名词相当于名词,可做主语,宾语,表语,定语;分词相当于形容词,副词,可做宾补,表语,定语,状语;
(2)语态:若逻辑主语是动作的发出者,则用主动;若逻辑主语是动作的承受者,则用被动;若逻辑主语既不是动作的发出者也不是承受者,则:动词不定式用独立结构
动名词用复合结构
分词用独立主格结构
举例:A)动词不定式作主语:To finish my homework is my job.
宾语:I want to have a wise brain.
宾补:I want you to attend the meeting.
表语:You job is to earn money.
定语:He is to go to college.
状语:I get up early in order to recite the poem.
独立结构:To tell you the turth,I am a student.
注意:1:有些宾语的不定式有自己的补语,则应用it做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置,如:I think it important to study English well.
2:不定式一般不做介词的宾语,除在极少数介词后才行(如but,except),此时动词不定式可带to也可不带to,如:He seldom comes except (to)see my daughter.
B)动名词做主语:Reading is my habbit.
宾语:The old need looking after.
表语:I am reading.
定语:He was looking the hanging picture.
复合结构:Alan's illness accounts for his coming late for school.
注意:1:一些特殊句式,如It is no good(no use,fun,a wast of time)+doing
There is no.....+doing
2:动名词复合结构的一般规则是:逻辑主语是有生命的名词,作主语时,须用名词的所有格形式或形容词性物主代词;作宾语时,可用普通格或人称代词宾格。
C):分词作宾补:I mind your somking.
表语:The news is encouraging./The glass is broken.
定语:This is a reading room./The book written by him is interesting.
状语:Seen from the top of the mountain,the city is beautiful.
二:虚拟语气:
A):在条件从句中:
1):表示与事实相反 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况 if+主语+did should/would/could/might+do
表示过去情况 if+主语+had done should/would/could/might+have done
表示将来情况 if+主语+were to do should/would/could/might+do
if+主语+should do
if+主语+did
2):在省略if的条件从句中,从句有were,should,had时,可省略if,而把它们置于主语之前,如:
If I had had time, I would have made an appointment with you.变成Had I have time,I would have an appointment with you.
3):介词without引导的短语可用来代替if引导的虚拟条件从句,如:If there were no water,fish couldn't live.
可由Without water,fish couldn't live.来代替。
4):错综时间的条件从句,主句和从句的谓语动词要依照设定的时间而定。如:If you had studied hard at that time,you would do it easily now.
B);在宾语从句中
1):在一些表示“坚持,命令,要求,建议”的词(如insist,command,order,require,request,desire,demand,advise,suggest,propose)后面接的宾语从句用should do,should可省略。
2):wish引导的宾语从句有三种情况:
1,现在:用过去式;
2,过去:用过去完成时;
3,将来:用(would/could)+do。
3):在would rather引导的宾语从句中
当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词用一般过去式;表示过去的时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。
C):在主语从句中
在句型“It is strange/necessary/natural/important/right/pity/sorry+that......”中,that后面从句的谓语动词用:should do。注意:有些过去分词可以当形容词使用,在主语从句中要用虚拟语气,如It is ordered/commanded/required/advised/suggested that we/you /he/ she(should)+do .
D):在表语从句中
主句的主语常是表示说话人的命令,要求,建议,愿望等的名词(如order,command,requirement,demand,advise,suggestion,wish,desire),表语从句的谓语动词用(should)+do.如:Our suggestion is that you (should)be there on time.
E):在同位语从句中
同位语从句的先行词常是说话人愿望,建议,要求,命令等的名词。如:We put up with our suggestion that you (should) be there on time.
F):在as if从句中
1):在as if从句中,常用虚拟语气,即表示与现在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式。
2):当不接虚拟语气时,表示可能或真实的情形。如:It looks as if it is going to rain.
3):虚拟语气中的几个特例
1,if only 意为:若是……那该多好啊;真希望……;只要,只要……就好了,如:If only I could fly.
2,It's(high)time that……that从句要用虚拟语气:谓语动词用过去式或should do 。如:It's high time that we should go.
3,一些短语,如:but for(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),in that case(如果那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这是主句要用虚拟语气。如:Without your help,I couldn't finish it on time.
三:倒装句
A):完全倒装:谓语的全部放在主句之前。(此结构常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时)
1)用在there be结构中,此外,在此结构中可用来代替be的动词有exist,seem,happen,appear,hve,rise,stand等。如:There are many students in my classroom.
2):表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如now,then,here,there,up,down,in,away,out等置于句首时,为使生动地描述情景而采用倒装语序,谓语动词常用动语come,go,be,lie,run,rush等。如:Now comes your turn.
注意:当代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。如:Here it is.
3):当句首为表示地点的介词词组时,也常引起全部倒装。如:From the valley came a frightening sound.
4):为平衡句子结构,或使上下文衔接紧密,表语置于句首时,倒装结构为:表语+连系动词+主语
1,“形容词+连系动词+主语”如:Present at the meeting were my sister.
2,“过去分词+连系动词+主语”如:Gone are the days when we were poor.
3,“介词短语+be+主语”如:Among the goods are flowers and toys.
B):部分倒装:只把系动词、助动词、情态动词放在主句之前。
1):在疑问句中,如:Can you speak English?
2):用于“never,hardly,seldom,scarely,rarely,barely,little,often,at no time(决不),by no means(绝不),under no circumstances(在任何一种情况下都不),in no case(绝不),in no way(决不)”等含有豆丁意义的副词或连词在句首的句型中。如:Little did he care about his own safety.
3):用于“no sooner....than....,hardly.....when.....,和not until....,not only....but alsol....,neither....nor”的句型中,主句部分用部分倒装。如:Not until the children fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
4):"only+状语"置于句首是要进行部分倒装,状语包括副词,介词短语和状语从句。如:Only then did he realise the importance of English.
5):用于“so/such....that"句型,so/such置于句首时,要部分倒装。如:So fast did he run that I couldn't catch up with him.
6):用于“形容词(或名词,动词)+as (though)"引导的让步状语从句中。如:
Try as you would, you might fail again.
Beautiful as she is,she isn't clever.
Child as he is ,he knows a lot.
7):用于省略if 的条件状语从句中,把助动词were,had,should提到主语前面。
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