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英语虚拟语气语法总结思维导图
虚拟语气是什么
在英语中,虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。如:
If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air.
如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
虚拟语气英语语法
虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。
1、主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词,用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。
2、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。
3、宾语从句的动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气,用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。
以上就是英语虚拟语气的语法知识点。在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也可以用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气沪江英语
在b站看到“英语兔老师”的免费教学视频,关于虚拟语气。
英语中,语气有三种,陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
其中,虚拟语气有两大用法。第一种:用于表达“与事实相反的假设”;第二种:用于表达“愿望,请求,建议,命令等”。
01与事实相反的假设(例句来了)
①与现在事实相反:
If I saw the rabbit now, I would bite him.
②与将来事实相反:
If I should see the rabbit tomorrow, I would bite him.
③与过去事实相反:
If I had seen the rabbit a few days ago ,I would have bitten him.
02表达愿望、请求、建议、命令等(例句哈,如上给3个)
①对现在的愿望:
I wish I were a rabbit.
②对将来的愿望:
I wish (that) I could eat the carrot.
③对过去的愿望:
I wish (that ) I had eaten the carrot.
小贴士:demand(要求)、 suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、order(命令)这样的词后面接的虚拟语气一律是should+动词原型
03虚拟语气在句子中的形状:
看到虚拟语气,脑子里就要有从句的概念,虚拟语气是与从句相伴而生的。
①与事实相反:if(从句)…+would(主句)
②说话人的愿望:动词(主句)…+(从句)…
背熟下面这一段哈:
虚拟语气:①与事实相反的假设if…+would
(从句中,接if时与现在反:did、与将来反should do、与过去反had done)
②表达愿望、请求、建议、命令等wish+(从句中与现在反…did;与将来反would/should/could/might+do;
与过去反:had done)
(demand、suggest、insist、would rather)+从句中(should)do
英语虚拟语气语法总结
1)
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
2)
在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
1.真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中
if
是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型:条件从句
主句
一般现在时
shall/will/can/may/etc.
+
动词原形
If
he
comes,
he
will
bring
his
violin.
2.非真实条件句
1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.
同现在事实相反的假设。
句型
:
条件从句
主句
一般过去时
should/would/could/might+动词原形
If
they
were
here,
they
would
help
you.
b.
表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型:
条件从句
主句
过去完成时
should/would/could/might
have+
过去分词
If
she
had
worked
harder,
she
would
have
succeeded.
The
rice
would
not
have
been
burnt
if
you
had
been
more
careful.
If
my
lawyer
had
been
here
last
Saturday,
he
would
have
prevented
me
from
going.
If
he
had
come
yesterday,
I
should
/
would
have
told
him
about
it.
含义:He
did
not
come
yesterday,
so
I
did
not
tell
him
about
it.
If
he
had
not
been
ill
and
missed
many
classes,
he
would
have
made
greater
progress.
含义:
He
was
ill
and
missed
many
lessons,
so
he
did
not
make
greater
progress.
c.
表示对将来的假想
句型:
条件从句
主句
一般过去时/were+
不定式/should+
动词原形
should/would/could/might+
动词原形
If
you
succeeded,
everything
would
be
all
right.
If
you
should
succeed,
everything
would
be
all
right.
If
you
were
to
succeed,
everything
would
be
all
right.
3.混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
If
you
had
asked
him
yesterday,
you
would
know
what
to
do
now.
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
If
it
had
rained
last
night
(过去),
it
would
be
very
cold
today
(现在).
4.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,
should,
或had,
可将if省略,再把were,
should或had
移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Were
they
here
now,
they
could
help
us.
=If
they
were
here
now,
they
could
help
us.
Had
you
come
earlier,
you
would
have
met
him
=If
you
had
come
earlier,
you
would
have
met
him.
Should
it
rain,
the
crops
would
be
saved.
=Were
it
to
rain,
the
crops
would
be
saved.
虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实,或是不可能发生的事情,而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中。
英语虚拟语气语法总结
英语虚拟语气语法如下:
1、虚拟语气是说话者用来表示一种假想,或者难以达到的情形,而非客观存在的事实。
2、虚式语气在条件句中的使用:条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句。当主句不需要虚拟语气时,真实条件句所表示的假设是可能的,而虚拟条件句则表示与事实相反或不太可能发生的假设,此时使用虚拟语气。
3、与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用 should (would, could, might)+ have+过去分词。
使用虚拟语气的常用结构或句子:
1、wish和 hope接宾语从句的区别在于: hope表示一般可实现的希望;宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示难以或不可能实现的希望,宾语从句使用虚拟语气。
2、if only同 I wish一样,用于表示与事实相反的愿望, wish后的虚拟语气与 wish后所接时态相同。
3、I wouldrather句用虚拟语气仅分现在和过去。
当 would rather、 would sooner、 would just as soon之后的 that从句中,句子谓语习惯上要使用虚拟语气,表示"想做什么"。
4、as if (though)从句的虚拟语气。
由 as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时是虚拟语气,与 wish用法相同。
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