本文目录
英语的虚拟语态模式
分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习
解析:
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四级第44题）
⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.（1995年6月四级第46题）值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, remend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would （had）rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）
⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
英语主动语态的基本形式及其例句
1、被动和主动（Passive vs. Active）
Tommy hit the ball .
The ball was hit by Tommy. （更长, 没必要）
Cigarette smoking has been shown to be dangerous.（不需要by sb.）
Halley's comet can be seen one every 76-years.
2、条件式（Conditional）
If......
Would......
描述可能发生的事情，如果某事发生。
If I had studied harder, I would have received an "A".
3、虚拟式（Subjunctive）, 表达请求，要求，希望，建议，假设。。。
The professor requested that the student complete（非completes） her assignment a day early.
I suggest he pay more attention in class, unless he wants to receive a "C" or lower.
I wish she were (非was) more punctual.
If I were president of the US, I would lower the unemployment rate.
If she were less hostile, she'd have more friends.
英语虚拟式
1.she insists he should take his vacation now .
2. i had recommended that he should place in a more responsible position .
3.i suggested that he should finish up that project quickly
4.i demanded tahe he should accompany me to the hearing
5.the general commanded the soldiers should advance immediately
6.i would rather mary to type the letters.
7.it was necessary that he should leave immediately
8.it is important that he should be nominated
9.he advised she should wait for a few weeks
10.the board has instructed the manager should quit
高中英语倒装句 虚拟语气所有语法要点 最好不要复制
虚拟语气语法要点：
一、be-型虚拟式
1、用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中
a、用在decide,order表示决定或命令等动词之后的that-分句中。例如：
He ordered that all the books be sent at once.
b、用在advisable,essential,important等形容词之后的that-分句中。例如：
It is essential that all the facts be examined first.
c、用在decision,demand,requirement等名词之后的that-分句中。例如：
There decision was that the school remain closed.
2、用于if,though等引导的分句中
be-型虚拟式能用于由if,though,whatever,lest,so long as等引导的分句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。例如：If he be found guilty,John shall have the right of appeal.
二、were-型虚拟式
此用法常用于由if,if only,as if,as though,though引导的条件状语从句和让步状语分句中，表示非真实的条件和让步。例如：
If i were you ,i should wait till next week.
If only i were not so nervous.
用于某些名词性分句中，此用法还可以用于wish,would rather,suppose,imagine之后的that-分句中，表示一种臆想的，通常是不可能发生的情况。例如：
I wish it were spring all the year around.
I would rather i were not at the side of the accident.
倒装：
一、当主语补语提前时，如果主语结构太长或比较复杂，有可能引起倒装。
Happy indeed are those who receive marvellous news after a long silence.
二、当前置宾语由“not a +名词”或者“ not a single+名词”构成时，也会引起倒装。例如：
I had a terrible time playing ronlrtte at the casion .Not a winning number did i have all night.
三、状语的前置也会引起倒装，有两种情况：全部倒装和部分倒装
例如：the door burst open and in rushed the crowd.
in this chapter will be found a partial answer.
never have i found him in such a good mood.
only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
not only did he complain about the food,he also refused to pay for it.
so small was the mark that i could hardly see it.
(每个句子代表一种用法，就记住例子就好...)
以上就是关于英语语法虚拟式,英语的虚拟语态模式的全部内容，以及英语语法虚拟式 的相关内容,希望能够帮到您。
