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英语中现在分词和过去分词用法区别
句首分词多表示时间 (a),原因 (b), 伴随状况 (c),或条件 (d) :
一、表心理活动的现在分词常作句首状语
例1 Fearing that she might be punished by her teacher , she dare not go to school .
二、表感觉器官的现在分词常作句首状语
例1 Seeing the girl”s body , I was frightened to hold my breath .
一看到女孩的尸体,我吓得屏住了呼吸。
三、表动作的现在分词常作句首时间状语,表分词所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
例1 Waiting for a bus , I had a talk with her .
等汽车时我跟她进行了交谈。
四、过去分词放句首经常表被动,一些不表被动的过去分词常作句首状语
这样的过去分词常见的有:tired of , born in , caught in a rain , seated , hidden , dressed in , dressed like , stationed , satisfied with , interested in , surprised at , devoted to , lost / absorbed in .
五、Being + adj /n 常作原因状语
例1 Being busy , he can”t come . 因为很忙,他不能来了。
六,不定式放句首一般表目的、将来要做的事。
句首不定式多表示目的 (a), 或修饰整个句子表明说话人的态度 (b) ,表示结果的情形较少见 (c) :
a) To climb the rock face, we had to take various precautions.
b) To sum up, it is absolutely necessary.
c) Only to show his ignorance of the subject, he made a long speech.(倒装显得生硬)
过去分词作定语放在名词后面吗
直接用过去分词开头作状语时不强调动作的时间,尽管这一动作有时也发生在谓语动词之前.只强调被动。如: Led by the Party, we have achieved great success.在党的领导下,我们取得了巨大的成功.
又如: Respected by the students, the teacher is very happy.受到学生们的尊重,老师很高兴。
当用Having +过去分词时,主要强调动作发生的时间是在谓语动词之前.
如:Having finished his homework,he went out to play with his friends.做完作业之后,他出去和朋友玩了.
至于找主语的问题,你只要知道主语是谓语动作的发出者,没有谓语动词的动作哪有什么主语,省掉是省掉的问题.这和非谓语动词不是一码事.
英语当中的现在分词
现在分词放在句首表示动作是主动或正在进行或完成Having done his homework,he played basket-ball
过去分词放在句首表示动作是被动Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents.或者Given more time,I'll be able to do it better.或者Once seen,it can never be forgotten.
动名词放在句首表示把动词名词化Eating no junk food is a good habit.
动词原形放在句首的句子为祈使句Sit down,please.
过去分词开头做什么成分
她的画风格特殊,常被错当成是照片。
过去分词做句首状语,它与现在分词、不定式的区别如下:
现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。
动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。
Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)
We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:
a:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。
c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。
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