独立主格结构的含义,独立主格结构是什么意思

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独立主格结构是什么意思


独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词(作为逻辑主格),加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语。其作用相当于状语,多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况,有时也用来表示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。
一、几种常见的独立主格结构形式
1.名词(或代词)+现在分词(或过去分词)。如:
1)The moon appearing,they decided to go on with theirjouney.
2)Good-bye said,he went home.
2.名词(或代词)+形容词。如:
3)The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming.
3.名词(或代词)+不定式。如:
4)Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the policewent.
4.名词(或代词)+介词短语。如:
5)He climbed in,sword in hand.
5.名词(或代词)+副词。如:
6)The meeting(being)over, we left the room.
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
(作逻辑主语) (作逻辑谓语)
1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.
2. The question settled, we went home.
3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.
主格名词/代词 + 分词 (过去分词/现在分词)
主格名词/代词 + 形容词
1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress.
主格名词/代词 + 副词
The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left
the meeting-room.
We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree
away from home.
主格名词/代词 + 不定式
主格名词/代词 +介词短语
Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.
with复合结构 与 独立主格结构
它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状况状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名称却不相同.
with复合结构的模式是:
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
一,作时间状语
1,With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and
some birds fly south.
=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some
birds fly south.
二,作原因状语
1,With the weather terribly cold, we entered the
room to warm ourselves.
= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.
2,With the key having been lost, she could not
enter the room.
= The key having been lost, she could not enter the room.
三,作条件状语
1,With time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
= Time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
2,With the car going wrong, we'll have to stop
at the foot of the mountain.
= The car going wrong, we'll have to stop at the foot
of the mountain.
四,作伴随状语
1,The mother was cleaning the house with her baby
playing on the bed.
=The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing
on the bed.
2,Last night I followed him, with a sword in my hand.
= Last night I followed him , sword in hand.
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构,都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语.如下例中的was就必须去掉:
He sat at the desk reading
with a pen was in his right hand.
with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.
Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and
flowers in blossom.
= Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green
and whose flowers were in blossom.

独立主格结构是什么意思

什么叫独立主格结构


问题一:独立主格结构到底是什么意思啊? 独立主格结构的用法可参考下面的内容:相信对你有帮助.这个语法现象在高中是常见的且要掌握的.
独立主格结构
一、 独立主格结构的含义和实质
“独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”,是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不 *** ,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实,所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立,它还是一种从属分句,与主句紧密联系在一起,共同表达一个完整的意思,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
二、 独立主格结构的基本形式和功能
独立主格结构可以分为两部分:一部分是名词或代词,起逻辑主语的作用;另一部分是非谓语动词分句(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或无动词分句(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语),表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。
基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,with引导的复合结构。
1. 名词/代词+ 现在分词
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例 The man lay there, his hands trembling.
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.
注:“独立结构”中的being或 having been 有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。
2. 名词/代词+过去分词
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.
后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been,being。如果加上,这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。
3. 名词/代词+不定式
不定式表示的是将来的动作。
例He suggested going for a piic, Mary to provide the food.
These are the first two books, the third one to e out next month.
We shall get together at 7:30, the procession( *** ) to start moving at 8 sharp.
4. 名词/代词+名词
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.
5. 名词/代词+形容词短语
形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。
例The flo......>>

问题二:什么是独立主格结构详解 独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)由两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

用法: 用作时间状语独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家了。
用作条件状语
Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
用作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
用作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上,将两手交叉枕在脑后。
表示补充说明
We redoubled our efforts,each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。
*注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
满意请给好评哈!

问题三:英语里面的独立主格结构是什么意思? 1. 独立主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
(二) 独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
2. With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:
当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking strai......>>

问题四:什么是独立主格结构?举个例子说明下? 独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常偿逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等,还可以作定语。
独立主格结构基本构成形式
名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)
例如:
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
with ( without)+宾语(名词/代词)+宾语补足语,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词一定要用宾格。

什么叫独立主格结构

什么是独立主格结构


独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断,不能粗心大意。
一、独立主格结构的构成形式
独立主格结构的构成方式为:名词普通格或代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语等。使用独立主格结构是因为出现了与句子主语不一致的情况。
1.
名词或代词+现在分词
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。如:
The
man
lay
there,
his
hands
trembling.
那个男子躺在那儿,双手在颤抖。
有时,现在分词being或having
been在独立主格结构中可以省略。如:
The
weather
(being)
fine,we
decided
to
go
swimming.
天气晴朗,我们决定去游泳。
2.
名词或代词+过去分词
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。如:
The
girl
sat
there
silent,her
head
bent
low.
这姑娘一声不响,低着头坐在那里。
All
things
considered,
her
paper
is
of
greater
value
than
yours.
各方面考虑起来,她的论文比你的论文更要有价值一些。
3.
名词或代词+不定式(短语)
不定式表示将来的动作。如:
He
suggested
going
for
a
picnic,Mary
to
provide
the
food.
他建议去野餐,由玛丽负责提供食物。
Time
is
pressing,
two
hours
to
go
only.
时间紧迫,只剩两个小时了。
4.
名词或代词+名词(短语)
如:
Many
people
joined
in
the
work,
some
of
them
women
and
children.
许多人参加了这项工作,其中一些人是妇女和儿童。
5.
名词或代词+形容词(短语)
形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质或状态。如:
The
floor
wet,
we
had
to
stay
outside
for
a
while.
地面很湿,我们只好在外面呆一会儿。
6.
名词或代词+副词
副词也多是说明前面名词或代词的状态。如:
The
meeting
over,
we
all
went
home.
会议结束了,我们都回家了。
7.
名词或代词+介词短语
如:
The
teacher
came
in,
a
book
in
his
hand.
老师进来了,手里拿着一本书。
有时,独立主格结构中名词前面的定语可以省略。如:
The
boy
lay
silently
on
the
grass,
(his)
eyes
closed.
A
girl
was
walking
in
the
street,
(a)
flower
in
(her)
hand.

独立主格结构的作用
1.
作状语
1)
表示时间
如:
Her
homework
done
(=After
her
homework
was
done),Lucy
decided
to
go
shopping.
2)
表示原因
如:
There
being
no
buses
(Because
there
were
no
buses),we
had
to
walk
home.
3)
表示条件
如:
Weather
permitting
(If
weather
permits),
we
will
go
to
play
football.
4)
表示方式或伴随
如:
He
rushed
into
the
room,
his
face
covered
with
sweat.
2.
作同位语
如:
There
are
two
doors,
one
leading
to
the
bedroom,
the
other
(leading)
to
the
kitchen.

独立主格前面有时可以加上介词with或without,构成介词的复合结构。这种结构在句中主要用作状语,也可用作定语。如:
He
stood
on
the
deck
with
his
hand
waving
to
us.(状语)
他站在甲板上向我们频频挥手。
He
went
out
without
a
hat
on
his
head.(状语)
他头上没戴帽子就出去了。
Do
you
know
the
girl
with
a
bag
on
her
back?(定语)
你认识那个后背上背包的女孩吗?

什么是独立主格结构

什么是独立主格结构


“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为主语。
“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。有时还可以做定语 。
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如:
1) 表示时间
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。the meeting being over相当于when the meeting was over
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。her work done相当于when her work was done
2) 表示条件
The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利,他或许能成功。the condition being favorable相当于If the condition is favorable
3) 表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行。There being no taxis相当于Since there was no taxis,
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的。as the night was dark and frosty
4) 表示伴随情况
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors,and silver is the best of all.)
5) 表示补充说明
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。
*注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
特点
(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
(2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即逻辑主语为动作执行者。
(3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。(不绝对)
3类型编辑
独立主格类型1:名词(代词)+现在分词
The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后,我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好,我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。
独立主格类型2:名词(代词)+过去分词
The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了,我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。
独立主格类型3:名词(代词)+不定式
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来,我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他,他一定会成功的。
独立主格类型4:名词(代词)+介词短语
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了,手里拿着书。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。
独立主格类型5:名词(代词)+形容词或副词
He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排,嘴半开着。
She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前,衣领已解掉,头低了下来,拿好钢笔,准备开始写一封长信。
独立主格类型6:There being +名词(代词)
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。
独立主格类型7:It being +名词(代词)
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。

什么是独立主格结构

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