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英语中的部分倒装句怎么写
一、 表示强调
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1、 only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。如:
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。
2、not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。如:
Seldom do I go to work by bus.
我很少乘公共汽车上班。
3、so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
eg:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.
他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
二、 承上启下
有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。如:
They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake.
他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。
三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting.
墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。
四、 平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。
1、以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。如:
On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。
2、以表语开头的'句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。如:
Such would be our home in the future.
我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3、以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你盼望已久的信在这儿。
五、 使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如:
Up went the rocket into the air.
嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。
六、“倒装语序”的基本用法
在以下这些情况中,通常(非绝对)需要用到“倒装语序”:
1) 当一句句子由there引导时:
There is a Parkson Plaza right next to the Jiushifuxing Building where Sunshine International Education is situated.在熙煦国际教育所在的久事复兴大厦旁边有一家百盛购物中心。
正常语序(非倒装):
A Parkson Plaza is right there next to the Jiushifuxing Building where Sunshine International Education is situated.
There seems to be something wrong with this computer.这台电脑好像有点问题。
正常语序:This computer seems to have something wrong with it.
2) 当一句句子由状语单词所引导(如here,now, next, then, there等),谓语是be或come或go,而主语是名词(非人称代词)时:
Here is a mini-gift to you from me.这是我送给你的一个小礼物。
Now comes my turn at long last.现在终于轮到我了。
There passed a boring night for me on that day.那一天我度过了无聊的一晚。
Then came the turning point of his life.他生命的转折点在那一刻到来了。
例外情况:当主语为人称代词时(he/she/they/it/you/we/I),主谓不倒装:
There he went.他去了那里。
Here you are after all.你总算来了。
So we thought.我们这样想到。
3)当虚拟语气结构句型中的条件从句省去if这个条件从句的连词时:
Had you paid more attention to the spelling of the vocabulary words, you would have earned a much higher score in this past English exam. 如果你当初更注意一点英文单词的拼写,你可以在这次刚刚进行的英文考试中获得高很多的成绩。
在这里,如果使用含有if的原句句型,则不倒装,属于正常语序:
If you had paid more attention to the spelling of the vocabulary words, you would have earned a much higher score in this past English exam.
Were I you, I would decline this job offer.如果我是你,我会拒绝这份工作邀请。
原句:If I were you, I would decline this job offer.
Should the typhoon land in Shanghai this very afternoon, stay home and do not go out. 万一台风今天下午登陆上海,待在家里,且不要外出。
原句:If thetyphoon should land in Shanghai this very afternoon, stay home and do not goout.
4) 在描写某一个情景时,为了表达上的更生动、形象,有时我们喜欢把表示方位的副词(out,off, up, down, away, in等)放在句首,并把表示动作的谓语动词放在主语之前:
Off you go now!现在你该走了!
Up launched yet another ballistic missile by the DPRK regime recently.朝鲜政府最近又发射了一颗弹道导弹。
Down fell the greatest empire at the time.那个最强大的帝国在那时衰弱了。
Away walked my father at that very moment.就在那个时刻,我父亲走开了。
例外情况:当主语为人称代词(非名词)时,只将副词放在句首,不倒装主语与谓语:
Out he shouted.他大声喊道。(he是人称代词,非名词,所以不倒装)
A ways he rushed.她急着离开了。
In he came.他进来了。
英文倒装句
倒装句分为全倒装和部分倒装两种类型。
英语句子使用的目的,可分为四大类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。这四大类型句子都有可能出现倒装句。浅析如下:
一、疑问句中出现的倒装句
1. 特殊疑问句中
(1)What is this?(全倒装)
(2)Which do you want?(部分倒装)
2. 一般疑问句
(1)Do you study English every day?(部分倒装)
(2)May I come in?
(3)Are you going to be a teacher?
特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词做主语或疑问词修饰主语时,句子不用倒装,即用陈述语序。例如:Who did it yesterday? Which guy can do this work?
一般疑问句中,常把助动词或情态动词放在句首,即位于主语前,而构成部分倒装。
二、感叹句中出现倒装句
1. What引导的感叹句
(1)What a happy life we have had!(宾语在主语前面)
(2)What a fine day it is!(表语在主语前面)
(3)What a shining example Comrade Lei Feng has set us!
2. How引导的感叹句
(1)How happy we are!(表语在前面)
(2)How hard they are working!(状语在前面)
(3)How nice a day it is!
3. 副词引导词引导的感叹句
(1)There comes the bus!
(2)In come the students!
(3)Off goes the worker!
What或how 引导的句子,主谓也有不倒装的。
What所强调的重点是名词,这一名词一般是表语或宾语,有时所强调的名词可能是主语。例如:What enormous crowd came!(《当代英语语法》中册P87)。What也可单独使用。例句:What she suffered in the old days!(《英语分类句型》P90)
How修饰形容词、副词或动词。有时how many的搭配也可修饰名词。For how many years have I waited! 该短语作状语。(《当代英语语法》)
副词引导词位于句首,一方面为了强调,另一方面使情景生动。主语是名词时,主谓倒装;如果主语是人称代词,主谓不倒装。例如:Away he went to the station!
三、祈使句中出现的倒装
1. Long live the king! (《最新实用英汉辞典》P769)
2. Long live the People’s Republic of China!
3. May you succeed! 祝你成功!
Long may he live! 愿他长命百岁!(《英华大辞典》P780)
4. Don’t you open the door. Don’t anyone open the door.(《当代英语语法》中册P85)
祈使句一般无主语,有时也有主语出现。祈使句的主语要重读,代词也要重读(陈述句的主语一般不重读)。祈使句常用句号。表示一种强烈感情时,句子用感叹号。
四、陈述句中出现的几种倒装句
1. 主谓倒装
(1)Long long ago, there was a war between the birds and the beasts.
(2)Once upon a time there were six blind men in India.
(3)“Come along, then.” said the bird.
(4)...but toward the end there came the terrible storm...
2. 表语倒装
(1)Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.(全倒装句)
(2)Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of kings and queens.
(3)A very reliable person he is.(主语是人称代词时,主谓不倒装)(《英语分类句型》P400)
3. 宾语倒装
(1)Many happy hours she had spent planning for something nice for him.
(2)Twenty-one dollars they took for it.
(3)Not a single mistake did he make.
(4)Only a dictionary he never forgets to bring here.
宾语在前时,多数属于强调部分,句子一般不加助动词,偶尔也有助动词出现,如例句(3)。
五、复合句中的倒装
(1)I take back what I said.
(2)...and the ship would have sunk with all board had it not been for the captain.(要是没有那位船长,就会连船带人都沉没了。)
(3)Were I you,I would go with him.
(4)Proud as these nobles are,he is afraid to see me.
(5)Not only was everything that he had taken away from him,but also his German citizenship.
(6)Hardly (Scarcely)had he sat down when the telephone rang.
(7)The harder you work, the greater will be your achievement.
六、其他倒装
陈述句中为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语、宾语、状语等成分,或使上下文紧密衔接时,使用倒装句。
(1)On the wall is a blackboard on which were written some words,“It is no use sitting here without listening to me.”(定语从句中,主语的同位语太长)
(2)They entered the classroom,in front of which sat a naughty boy.(使上下文紧密衔接)
(3)Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon by the foreigners.(主语加上定语后太长而表语短,所以表语在前面,强调句子平衡)
英语倒装句如何使用
英语句子表达的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。但在实际应用中,因语法结构的需要,或是为了强调,常把谓语移到主语之前,称为倒装。 英语的倒装结构有两种,其中较为常见的是部分倒装,即谓语的一部分移到主语之前。 如:Only when the war was over could he begin to work again. 只有在战争结束后他才能够重新开始工作。 另一种倒装是完全倒装结构,即把谓语的全部都移到主语之前。如: 1.Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 2.“But what the child said is true.” said the father.“可是孩子的话是对的。”父亲说。 下面详细归纳几种常用的倒装结构。 一、几种常见的部分倒装结构: 1.Only+状语或者状语从句放在句首。如: Only in this way can we improve our English.只有这样,我们才能提高英语水平。 Only after you left did l find this bag.只是在你离开以后我才发现这只提包。 2.含否定意义并修饰全句的词放在句首。如:not,little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等等。如: 1)Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 2)Never shall I forget it. 我永远不会忘记这件事。 3)No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚一到家,天就开始下雨。 3.So放在句首,跟在一个肯定句之后,表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。如: 1)l like travelling.So does he.我喜欢旅行,他也喜欢。 2)Her father is a doctor.So is her mother.她父亲是位医生,她母亲也是。 3)He has been to Beijing twice.So have I.他去过北京两次,我也去过两次。 4.Neither,nor或no more放在句首,作“也不”讲,跟在一个否定句之后,表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。例如: 1)My teacher didn't agree with him.Nor did I.老师不同意他的意见,我也不同意。 2)I'm not interested in maths.Neither is he.我对数学不感兴趣,他也同样。 注:当前面陈述句有两个以上不同类型的谓语动词时,如be,do或can等等,或者既有肯定式又有否定式时,如have和hasn't等等,不能单独使用so或者neither/nor,而应换用另外的句型结构: A:So it is with…; B:It is the same with…。请见例句: 1)—I like chicken, but I don't like fish. ——我喜欢吃鸡肉,但不喜欢吃鱼。 —So it is with me. ——我也如此。 2)Tom is an American,but lives in China,it is the same with Jack. 汤姆是美国人,但他住在中国。杰克也如此。 5.副词often,短语many a time,或者so修饰形容词或副词、位于句首时。例如: 1) So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment. 在这次事故中他伤得很重,被送进医院治疗。 2)So hard does he work that he has no time to spare for travelling. 他那么努力工作,抽不出时间去旅行。 6.虚拟条件句省略if时,将were,should或had移到主语之前。如: 1)Should it rain,all the crops would be saved.若是下雨的话,庄稼就都得救了。 2)Were my teacher here,he would give some good advice. 我的老师如果在这儿,他会提些好建议的。 3)Hadn't it been for his help,we wouldn't have finished the work in time. 若非有他帮忙,我们就不能及时完成工作。 7.以May…或Long live…开头的某些表示祝愿的用语。如: 1)May God bless you.愿上帝保佑你! 2)May you succeed!祝你成功! 3)Long live the people's Republic of China! 8.由as though引导的表示“虽然”,“尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序时,把从句的表语或状语等放在as/though的前面。例如: 1) Young as/though she was, she could work out that problem alone. 虽然她很小,但她却能独自解出那道难题。 2)Child as/though he is, he is very brave.尽管他是个孩子,但他却非常勇敢。 注意:如果从句中的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。 二、几种常见的完全倒装结构 1.there be句型:有时该句型中也可用其他表示存在意义的动词代替be。如:live,remain,come,stand,go,lie,exist等等。 1)There is a lamp and two cups on the table.桌上有一盏灯和两只杯子。 2)There used to be a shop around the corner.拐角处过去有一家商店。 3)Once upon a time there lived six blind men in a village in India. 从前在印度的一个村子里住着六位盲人。 2.主语必须是名词由here,there now, then等词开头的句子。如: 1)Here are some interesting stories for you to read这儿有些有趣的故事给你读。 2)There goes the bell.铃声响了。 3.表示方位的介词、副词放在句首。如:out,in,up,down,away等词。但应注意:句子的主语应是名词,若主语是代词,则不能倒装。如: 1)Out rushed the soldiers. 战士们冲了出去。 2)Away went the boy. 那男孩走开了。 请比较: 3)Away he went.他走开了。 4)Here he comes.他来了。 4.为了保持句子平衡,强调表语和状语,使句子上下紧密衔接。如: 1)At the entrance of the valley stood an old pine tree. 在峡谷的入口处耸立着一棵古老的松柏。 2)Round the corner came a motorcycle. 一辆摩托车从拐角处转了过来。 5.直接引语位于句首。如: 1)“I love you ,”whispered John. “我爱你。”约翰悄悄地说道。 2)“Help!Help!”cried the boy in the water. 水中的男孩大声呼喊着“救命啊!” 倒装结构是语言的一种表达形式,除了上述各种情况需要倒装以外,还有些被强调部分也常常可以提到句首,形成倒装。例如: This they kept for themselves.这东西他们就据为己有了。 因此,如果正确使用倒装结构,可以使语言表达平地生辉。
部分倒装的六种情况是什么意思
1、句首为否定或半否定的词语
如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,not until等。
2、否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等,要倒装。
3、so,neither,nor作部分倒装
用这些词表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
4、only+副词/介词/状语从句位于句首,要部分倒装
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。
5、as,though引导的倒装句
as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前)。
6、其他部分倒装
so…that句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。
表语置于句首
形容词 + 连系动词 + 主语。如:
Present at the meeting were Doctor Li, Doctor Su and many other guests.
李医生、苏医生和很多其他客人都出席了会议。
2)过去分词 + 连系动词 + 主语。如:
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.
他们能做自己想做的事情的日子已经一去不复返了。
3)介词 + 连系动词 + 主语。如:
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
这些商品中有圣诞树,鲜花,蜡烛和玩具。
倒装句式是英语考试中经常会考到的语法重点,考生在面对一些看似语法不通的句子的时候一定认真对待。
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