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英语语法名词性从句思维导图
英语中 不乏大量的名词性从句。名词性从句是由名词和动词组成的一组单词。
名词是人的名字、动物、地点、事物或者一种状态，比如快乐hapiness或者兴奋excitement。
换句话说，名词就是某人或某物的称呼。
名词意味着名字
代词it, she, you, him, this等等可以取代名词。如果发现用一个代词可以取代一组单词，那么这组单词即为名词短语。我们来看下几个例子:
名词从句可以在句子中作主语、宾语或者补语。
做主语：Whatever Taylor Swift sings becomes a hit.
It becomes a hit.
作宾语：Did you know that Taylor Swift is only twenty-five?
Did you know this?
作主语补足语：
Taylor Swift’s beauty and talent are what many girls dream of.
Taylor Swift’s beauty and talent are this.
名词从句通常可以通过对句子剩余部分提问来辨认。
比如说：
What becomes a hit? 答案即是whatever Taylor Swift sings
What did I know? 答案为：that Taylor Swift is only twenty-five?
What are Taylor Swift’s beauty and talent? 答案是：what many girls dream of.
明白了吗？
名词性从句很容易辨认，通常由以下词引导
that, if, whether,
what, when,how, where, 还有：
whatever,whenever, however.
You can tell me when it’s over if the high was worth the pain. 这句话里如何用this或it来替代句子成分呢？
这句话里包含了2个名词从句
1 You can tell me when it’s over
2. You can tell me if the high was worth the pain.
You can tell me ‘this’
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英语中的名词性从句有哪些
1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如：
I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。
2. 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成 if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。如：
He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。
3. 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：
That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。
When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。
4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如：
The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。
When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。
Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。
不懂欢迎追问，有帮助望采纳，谢谢。
为什么叫做名词性从句
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。
一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语
例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）
三．表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
四．同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
英语名词性从句思维导图
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在复合句中起名词的作用，这四种从句合称名词性从句。它们在主句中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语，都不能用逗号与主句分开。(注：句中划线部分为从句)
■主语从句
1、定义：先找到句子的谓语，主句的谓语前面的从句，叫做主语从句。
Why he left wasn't important.(wasn't是主句的谓语动词，why he left做主语从句)
That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.(may have been due是主句的谓语动词，that she became an artist做主语从句)
2、借助形式主语it，主语从句放在后面
①由that引导的主语从句可以放在主语的位置，这时that不可以省略。例如：That prices will go up is certain.
that主语从句放在句首的情况不是很常见，绝大部分主语从句都借助形式主语it，主语从句放在后面。
It is strange that he knows nothing about it.
It is a pity that he can't swim.
It happened that he wasn't in that day.
It is said that there has been an earthquake in India.
在口语中，用it做形式主语时，主语从句的that可以省略。
②wh-疑问词引导的主语从句，可以放在句首(第一组)，也可以借助形式主语it(第二组)。
第一组：When he'll be back depends much on the weather.
How it was done was a mystery.
Whether we'll succeed remains to be seen.
第二组：It is uncertain whether the game will be held.
It's a puzzle how life began.
It doesn't matter much where we live.
Is it known where he went？
■宾语从句
1、定义：及物动词(第一组)和介词(第二组)的后面可以接从句做宾语，叫做宾语从句。
第一组I guess(that) we'll leave soon.
He asked when we would be in London.
She informed me (that) she was to send for it the next day.(that可以省略)
I'll tell you what I read in today's paper.
第二组
I'll find out whether she's interested in going.
Can you give us a description of what has happened.
She was shocked by what she had seen.
2、借助形式宾语it，that引导的宾语从句放在后面。I've heard it said that you have won a scholarship.
分析：it在句中做形式宾语，said做宾语补足语，that you have won a scholarship是真正的宾语。She has seen to it that all the children are well taken care of.
分析：it在句中做形式宾语，that all the children are well taken care of是真正的宾语。
■表语从句
1、定义：系动词的后面可以接句子做表语，叫做表语从句。
The fact is that she never liked him.
That is not what I meant.
The question is who is responsible for what has happened.
She is no longer what she used to be.
2、注意：
①The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day.
分析：the reason做主语时，表语从句用that引导。
②引导表语从句的that一般不省略。
■同位语从句
1、定义：有些名词的后面可以跟that引导的从句，说明这个名词的内容，这样的从句叫做同位语从句。所以，只有可以有内容的名词才可以接同位语从句，例如：fact，message，idea，possibility，conclusion，thought，news，order，report，rumor等等。
that在从句中不做成分，但是不能省略。
He had the feeling that he would not see her again.I've come to the conclusion that it won't be wise to do so.
2、有时为了保持句子的平衡，同位语从句有时和前面的名词分开。
The rumor spread that a new school would be built here.
that引导的同位语从句修饰the rumor，但是主句The rumor spread太短，如果把后面的同位语从句放在the rumor后面，主语太长，给人头重脚轻的感觉。
3、在少数情况下，名词性从句的其他关联词也可以引导同位语从句。但if不可以引导同位语从句。
You have no idea how worried I was.
I have no idea why she left.
There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
在学习名词性从句时注意下面四点：
一、名词性从句要用陈述语序，也就是说：①名词性从句的关联词做主语的话，关联词后面接谓语动词；②名词性从句的关联词不做主语的话，关联词后面接从句的主语和谓语。
①I don't know who broke the window.(宾语从句中关联词who做主语，broke是谓语动词)
②The little boy told his mother where he found the coin.(宾语从句中关联词where不做主语，where后面接主谓部分he found)
二、感叹句做名词性从句时语序不做变化
Don't you know how excited I was then？
三、时态的呼应
某些从句(特别是宾语从句)中的动词时态，常受主句谓语时态的制约。
①如果主句谓语动词为现在时或将来时，从句中的谓语可以不受影响。例如：
Has he told you when he received the gift？
Will you tell me how you two are getting along？
②如果主语谓语动词为过去时，从句谓语一般要跟着改为相关的过去时。
I didn't know where they lived.He thought he was working for the people.asked him how long he had been waiting.
③但是，当宾语从句表示永恒真理时谓语可以不变：This proved that the earth is round.
四、当and连接两个that引导的宾语从句时，and后面的that不可以省略
She promised (that) she would come and see him sometimes and that she would never forget him.句中的第一个that可以省略，为了清楚地表示出第二个that引导的是宾语从句，第二个that不省略。
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