定语从句是英语语法中的重要概念,用于修饰名词或代词,通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。定语从句包含主语和谓语,用以描述名词或代词的特性或限制条件。其基本结构为:[先行词] + [关系代词/关系副词] + [从句]。理解定语从句对于掌握英语语言和阅读理解能力非常有帮助。
含义
定语从句是一个修饰性的从句,用于修饰前面所说的名词或代词,以便更准确地描述它的意义。定语从句通常包含一个主语和一个谓语,用以描述一个名词或代词的特定性质、特征或限制条件。例如:
- The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
在这两个例子中,定语从句who is wearing a red dress和that I borrowed from the library用来进一步描述名词the girl和the book。
结构
定语从句通常由关系代词who, whom, whose, that或关系副词when, where, why引导,这些关系词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、或所有格等。定语从句的基本结构如下:
[先行词] + [关系代词/关系副词] + [从句]
例如:
- The man who is standing over there is my boss.
- The place where we met last night was really crowded.
- The reason why I am late is because of the traffic jam.
需要注意的是,定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词要根据引导的不同作用来进行选择。同时,定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词,通常位于定语从句前面。