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不带to的不定式用法
动词不定式肯定是带to的,你只要记住不带to的情况就可以
首先要指出的是,不带to的不定式的使用实际上非常普遍,主要用在情态动词和助动词will,shall,would,should,can,could,may,might,must…以及在作为情态动词的need和dare之后
除此以外,在下列情况下也要使用不带to的动词不定式。
1.在see,feel,hear,watch,observe,listen to,look at等感官动词或短语以及let,have,make等表示祈使意义的动词后面;不定式作宾语补足语不能带to;help后面的不定式可以不带to,也可以保留to;know在一定的条件下,后面的不定式作宾语补足语时可以不带to。例如:
I saw the man come ont of the house.
带to的动词不定式跟在上述动词后面时,情况比较复杂,有以下几个问题须特别注意:
(1)当上述句子变成被动语态时,原来作宾语补足语的不定式则相应地成为主语补足语。这时,不定式就一定要带to,以上述句子为例:
The man was seen to come out of the house.
She was heard to say that she was fed up.
(后面的句子以此类推)其原因是“英语中还有一条规律:凡是被动的动词都不能和不带to的不定式连用。其中只有let除外,原因是作主语补足语的不定式是单音节词。例如:
The students were let go after class.
The grass was let grow.
(2)不定式在help之后,既可以用作宾语补足语,也可直接作宾语,例如:
This book will help(to)improve your English.
help之后不定式带to还是不带to可能有以下几种区别:①不带to结构在非正式文体中更为常见。②用不带to的不定式在美国英语中似乎比在英国英语中更常见。③决定不定式带不带to主要牵涉到主语,如果主语不能参与到不定式的动作中去,则不定式通常都要带to。例如:
This book helps to see the truth.
This book will help you to use English.
(3)have known后面跟的不定式可以不带to,也可以保留to。例如:
I have known her(to)lie.
never knew和have never known的后面通常跟不带to的不定式,但偶尔也可以见到带to的不定式。例如:
I never knew him do anything without a good reason.
I have never known him say this before.
(4)如果在feel,know,observe,see后面跟的不定式是be,则to不可省略。例如:
We all felt that to be the highest praise.
morning.
应该注意到的是feel和see这两个动词在上述例句中已不是感觉动词,它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和“知悉”、“了解”。
2.当句子的主语部分是实意动词do时,作主语补足语(表语)的不定式可以省略to,也可以保留to。具体可以分为以下几种情况:
(1)主语由一个以do为谓语动词的定语从句修饰。例如:
All he could do was(to)rush into the room.
The only thing he did was(to)boss us around.
(2)主语是从句,其中有do。例如:
What we all do is(to)talk Class Two into a football match.
Everybody says I'd make a great engineer but what I really want to do is write.
(3)主语是to do作定语修饰的thing。例如:
The thing to do is(to) clear the road.
(4)当主语是不定式而主语补足语(表语)中有do时,必须省略to。例如:
Turn off the gas was all I did.
3.在口语里,用在祈使句中或者不定式go或come后面的不定式有时可以省略to。例如:
Go ask her.
4.介词but和except后面可以跟不定式(前有do后无to)。如果这两个介词前面是do nothing,do anything,do everything,there is nothing to do等,其后的不定式不带to。例如:
I could do nothing but wait.
有时在besides的后面也可以跟不带to的不定式。例如:
That afternoon I had nothing to do besides answer letters.
5.Why在疑问词中是唯一能不用助动词便可引导疑问句的。其结构为why+不带to的不定式或why not+不带to的不定式。两种结构虽然都是疑问句的形式,但却分别表示不同的意思。前者通常用来表明做某事是愚蠢的或无意义的,意为“干嘛要……”。后者实际是用来提出建议或劝告,意为“何不……”或“干嘛不……”。例如:
Why get so disappointed?That will do you barm.
6.rather than位于句首时后接不带to的不定式,而位于句末时,其后的不定式可以不带to,也可以保留to。例如:
Rather than cause trouble,he left.
He walks to his office every day rather than(to)go by bus.
7.had better,had best,would rather,would sooner,would as soon后面跟不带to的不定式。例如:
You'd better get some sleep.
You had best get home before midnight.
.
8.在let,make,leave,hear等动词和其他动词构成的固定词组中用不带to的不定式。例如:
He let go the boy.他放开了那个男孩。
We mustn't let slip such an opportunity.我们一定不能错过这样一个机会。
省掉to的不定式有哪些
词不定式的一般形式是“to+动词原形”,但在下面情况中to要省略:
一、在感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel, look at, listen to等及使役动词make, let, have等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略to。如:
We saw him get on a bus.
The boss often made the workers work for over 12 hours a day.
注意:以上情况如果用于被动语态时,不定式符号to一定要补回。如:
He was seen to get on a bus.
The workers were often made to work over 12 hours a day.
二、在动词help后作宾语补足语的动词不定式符号to可带可不带。如:
I often help my mother (to) do housework.
三、在had better, would rather后动词不定式不能带to。如:
You’d better not go out at night.
The boy would rather stay at home by himself.
四、当两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列使用时,通常只有第一个不定式前带to,第二个及以后的不定式可省略to。如:
I want to have a read and write.
He wants to have a rest and have a cup of tea.
五、“Will(Would) you please+不带to的不定式”。如:
Would you please not do that again?
六、当不定式作介词but, except的宾语,表示“除了……不/没有做……”时,不定式要省略to。如:
She does nothing but watch TV.
She doesn’t want to do anything except sleep
哪些动词省略to的动词不定式
一感:feel;
二听:hear,listen to;
三让:make,let,have;
四看:see,notice,watch,observe;
半帮助:help.
【注意】在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式:had better, would rather, do nothing but, why not等。例如:
I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.
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英语的不定式指的是什么
不定式的定义 不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,有不定式符号to家动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。我们说不定式是一种非限定动词是因为它不受到主语的人称和数的限制。虽说不定式有“一般态”“进行态”“完成态”的变化,不过它不受“现在、过去、将来”的时间限制。 我们说不定式具有动词的特征是因为:它可以有自己的宾语,可以受副词的修饰等。 我们说不定式具有名词的特征是因为:它可以作主语和宾语。 我们说不定式具有形容词的特征是因为:它可以作定语。 我们说不定式具有副词的特征是因为:它可以作状语。 不定式的分类 不定式可以分为两种 "带to的不定式"和"不带to的不定式"。 不定式的句法功能 不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语: 1. 不定式作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学外语不容易。 Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? 有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗? 2. 不定式作宾语 I forgot to turn the oven on. 我忘记打开炉子。 3. 不定式作宾补 Will you help me plant this tree, please? 请您帮我种这棵树好吗? 4. 不定式作定语 He has a lot of questions to ask. 他有许多问题要问。 5. 不定式作表语 Disney’s greatest wish was to be a famous artist. 迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。 6. 不定式作状语 She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. 她搜查了山顶上,然后在路边的一块大石头上停下来休息。 不定式作主语(1) 不定式作主语有以下三种句型: 句型(1) 不定式短语 + 谓语动词 句型(2) It's + 形容词 + for/of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语 句型(3) It's + 名词 + for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语 在这一条目中,只讲述句型(1),例外两个结构在以下条目中讲述。 To know oneself is difficult. 了解自己很困难。 在英语句子的表述中倾向主语短小一些,谓语部分长一些,以保持句子的结构平衡。故上句可以改写如下: It's difficult to know oneself. To go to school on foot every day takes me half an hour. It takes me half an hour to go to school on foot every day. 我每天步行上学花费半个小时。 To read this book through will require time and patience. It will require time and patience to read this book through. 读完这本书需要时间与耐心。 不定式作主语(2) It's+ 形容词 +for/of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语 It's kind of you to think so much of us. 难为你这样替我们着想。 It's very nice of you to be so considerate. 你太好了想得这么周到。 It's unwise of them to turn down the proposal. 他们拒绝采纳这个建议是不明智的。 It's bad for your health to sit up to late at night. 晚上睡得太晚对你的健康有害。 It's not easy for you to get him to change his mind. 你要说服他改变主意是不容易的。 It's impossible for him to give up smoking. 要他戒烟是不可能的。 适合这个结构的形容词有以下这些: 一. 倾向用"of" kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite, 二. 倾向用"for" costly, illegal, immoral, unfair, unhealthy, unjust, unlawful, unreasonable, 不定式作主语(3) It's+ 形容词 +for/of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语 of和for的判断 It's+ 形容词 +of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语 的句子可以做如下改写: It's kind of you to think so much of us. You are kind to think so much of us. 难为你这样替我们着想。 It's+ 形容词 +for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语 不能做如上改写。 我们可以通过尝试改写,来确定选择"of"还是"for"。 不定式作主语(4) It's + 名词 + for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语 It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally. 我们来参加这个大会是很荣幸的。 It will be a mistake for us not to help him. 我们不帮助他们将是一个错误。 适用这种句型的有以下这些名词: pleasure, pity, mistake, honour 不定式作宾语(1) 有些动词常用动词不定式作宾语 We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. 我们约定在这里见面,但是到现在她都还没露面。 He offered to help us. 他提出要帮助我们。 Mary begged to go with us. 玛丽恳求同我们一块去。 常用动词不定式作宾语的有如下动词: agree, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continue decide, desire, determine, expect, forget, hate, hope intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, offer, prefer pretend, promise, refuse, start, try, undertake, want, wish 不定式作宾语(2) 主语+ 谓语动词 + it + 形容词/名词/代词 + 不定式 解释:这里的"it"是形式宾语,"形容词/名词/代词"是宾补,"不定式"是真实宾语。这里需要用"it"做形式宾语的原因是不定式短语太长,而挪到后面去,以保持句子的平衡。 We think it wrong to tell a lie. 我们认为说谎是不对的。 I felt it useless for us to say anything further. 我觉得我们再说下去也没有用。 I made it a rule to get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running. 我已经养成习惯,早早起床,洗个冷水澡,然后去跑步。 They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. 他们发现不可能把一切按时准备好。 I consider it better not to go. 我认为还是不去为好。 形容词 + 不定式 主语+ be动词 + 形容词 + 不定式 这种句型中的主语通常是人,形容词多半是描述此人的态度或情感状况。 I'm glad to meet you. 见到你很高兴。 He was angry to see nothing had been done. 他看到什么事都没有做成而很生气。 She is eager to learn to speak English. 他急切地要学说英语。 She was disappointed to know that you won't be able to come to her birthday party. 她得知你不能来参加她的生日晚会而很失望。 以下是常用于词类句型的形容词: afraid, anxious, ashamed, careful, content, delighted, desirous, determined, eager, fortune, glad, grieve, happy, hesitant, impatient, lucky, pleased, prepared, proud, ready, relieve, reluctant, simple, willing, amazed* astonished* disappointed* sad* shocked* sorry* stunned* surprised* upset* 带星号的形容词后面常接: to see, to learn, to discover, to find out, to hear
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