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非限定动词
简单地说, 动词的非限定形式和限定形式的区别在于前者是动词的非谓语形式,后者是动词作为句子谓语的形式。所谓非限定形式动词(non-finite forms of verbs),也称谓语动词形式,是指动词用于除谓语以外的句子功能,其主要形式是动词的的不定式和分词形式(-ing/-ed)。例: Learning English takes time. (-ing, 主语) We want to learn English. (不定式,宾语) His job is to teach English. (不定式,表语) He stood there, holding a road sign. (-ing,伴随状语) He looked unhappy, told not to play video games. (told:-ed, 伴随状语;to play: 不定式,told 的宾语)动词的限定形式(finite forms of verbs)是指用作句子的谓语的动词形式,随主语数量、人称的变化而有形态上的变化,并且有时态与语态的变化。
非限制性动词是什么意思
英语动词有限定(finite)和非限定(non-finite)两类。 句子中的谓语动词(predicative verb)是限定的;限定动词受人称(person)和数目(number)的限制。此外,还有时态(tense )、语态(voice)和情态(mood)等。例如:
① Good leaders serve the people whole-heartedly.
② Jason is giving a public lecture.
③ Who did it?
④ I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour. 在句子中可以施展其他功能的动词是非限定动词;这些动词具有一般动词的许多特性,但没有“人称”和“数目”的限制。 非限定动词分三种:不定式动词(the infinitive); 分词( the participle); 动名词(the gerund); 分词又分现在分词( the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。 例如:
⑤ Tom found the prescribed text hard to read.
⑥ Helen has a smiling face.
⑦ Your written English is good.
⑧ Smoking is harmful to health. ⑤里的是不定式动词;⑥里的是现在分词;⑦里的是过去分词;
⑧里的是动名词。 非限定动词及其短语,语法功能庞大,涉及下列五方面: 一 当主语 不定式动词和动名词都可当句子的主语,取代名词和代名词。例如:
⑨ To swim in a warm day is joyful.
⑩ Swimming makes us hale and hearty. 二 当补足语 可当主语的句子成分也可当补足语。例如:
● A good government's desire is serving the people.
● What is difficult is to hoodwink the public indefinitely. 同样的,现在分词与过去分词也可充当接系动词(the linking verb)的补足语。例如:
● The witness's evidence is quite convincing.
● At long last, John was fully convinced. 三 当宾语 不定式动词和动名词都可充当及物动词的宾语。例如:
● The baby wanted to drink milk.
● Janet suddenly stopped talking. 它们也可以成为介词的宾语,但除了“except, but, about, than”之外,介词的宾语多数是动名词。 例如:
I am tired of repeating the same point.
Most of us desired nothing except to succeed.
Betty did nothing useful but talk(不带”to”)。
That weak old man is about to die. 四 当名词修饰语
Don't disturb the sleeping dog.(现在分词)
Can you remove the damaged machine?(过去分词)
That is the only thing to do.(不定式动词)
The sailors came in a fishing boat.(动名词) 五 当动词修饰语
Walking along the road, he came across a friend.(现在分词短语)
Extremely frightened, the picnickers fled.(过去分词短语)
The athlete stopped to take a rest?(不定式动词短语)
Peter came running.(动名词)
英语的非限定动词是什么意思
英语中的非限定性动词 也叫 非谓语动词 包括不定式to do 动名词doing 现在分词doing 过去分词done
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