本文目录
英语语法中的非谓语动词是一个重要的知识点,它在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、定语和状语等,使用范围广泛。下面介绍11种常见的非谓语动词形式。
1. 动词不定式
动词不定式是一个由to + 动词原形构成的短语,常作为动词的宾语、主语、表语和宾补等。例如:
- I want to go to the cinema.(我想去电影院。)
- His dream is to become a famous singer.(他的梦想是成为一名著名的歌手。)
2. 现在分词
现在分词是由动词原形+ing构成的形式,常作为非限定性定语、主语补足语和状语等。例如:
- The girl singing on the stage is my friend.(在舞台上唱歌的女孩是我的朋友。)
- He left the room, slamming the door behind him.(他离开了房间,狠狠地关上了门。)
3. 过去分词
过去分词是由动词过去式+ed构成的形式,常作为被动语态的主语、表语和定语等。例如:
- The book was written by Tom.(这本书是汤姆写的。)
- The broken vase was thrown away.(破碎的花瓶被扔掉了。)
4. 动名词
动名词是由动词原形+ing构成的名词形式,常作为主语、宾语、表语和定语等。例如:
- Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是一种很好的锻炼方式。)
- I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。)
5. 不定式短语
不定式短语是由动词不定式+宾语或副词构成的短语,常作为名词、形容词和副词的补语等。例如:
- My plan is to finish the project on time.(我的计划是按时完成项目。)
- He is easy to get along with.(他很容易相处。)
6. 现在分词短语
现在分词短语是由现在分词+宾语或副词构成的短语,常作为名词、形容词和副词的补语等。例如:
- The movie, starring Tom Cruise, was a big hit.(由汤姆·克鲁斯主演的电影大获成功。)
- He walked out of the room, grinning from ear to ear.(他咧着嘴笑着走出了房间。)
7. 过去分词短语
过去分词短语是由过去分词+宾语或副词构成的短语,常作为名词、形容词和副词的补语等。例如:
- The children, fascinated by the story, listened attentively.(被这个故事迷住的孩子们聚精会神地听着。)
- The thief, caught by the police, was sent to jail.(被警察抓住的小偷被送进了监狱。)
8. to do短语
to do短语是由to+动词原形+宾语或副词构成的短语,常作为名词、形容词和副词的补语等。例如:
- He has a lot of work to do.(他有很多工作要做。)
- The music is too loud to enjoy.(音乐太吵了,无法享受。)
9. being done短语
being done短语是由being+过去分词+宾语或副词构成的短语,常作为名词、形容词和副词的补语等。例如:
- The house is being repaired.(房子正在修缮中。)
- The cake is being baked in the oven.(蛋糕正在烤箱里烤。)
10. having done短语
having done短语是由having+过去分词+宾语或副词构成的短语,常作为名词、形容词和副词的补语等。例如:
- Having finished the project, he felt relieved.(完成了这个项目,他感到很轻松。)
- Having lived in New York for ten years, he knows the city very well.(在纽约生活了十年,他对这个城市非常了解。)
11. doing短语
doing短语是由动词ing形式+宾语或副词构成的短语,常作为名词、形容词和副词的补语等。例如:
- Reading books is my favorite hobby.(读书是我最喜欢的爱好。)
- The weather is nice, so we're going hiking.(天气很好,所以我们要去远足。)
以上是11种常见的非谓语动词形式,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助。