动词不定式是英语语法中一个重要的句法结构,经常在句子中作为宾语补足语出现。动词不定式由“to”+动词原形构成,可以作为名词、形容词和副词的宾补。
- 动词不定式作名词宾补
动词不定式作名词宾补时常出现在以下几种情况:
- 表示目的或意图,如:
I want to learn English.(我想学英语。)
She needs to finish her homework.(她需要完成家庭作业。)
- 表示建议、命令、请求等,如:
He asked me to help him.(他让我帮他。)
The teacher told us to study hard.(老师让我们努力学习。)
- 表示感叹或惊奇,如:
It's so kind of you to help me.(你帮助我太好了。)
What a pleasure it is to see you again!(再次见到你是多么的愉快!)
- 动词不定式作形容词宾补
动词不定式作形容词宾补时常出现在以下几种情况:
- 表示状态或特征,如:
She is easy to please.(她很好相处。)
The problem is difficult to solve.(这个问题很难解决。)
- 表示感觉或态度,如:
He is happy to see us.(他很高兴见到我们。)
I am sorry to hear that.(听到那件事我很遗憾。)
- 动词不定式作副词宾补
动词不定式作副词宾补时常出现在以下几种情况:
- 表示结果或效果,如:
She spoke loudly enough to be heard.(她说话够大声,可以被听到。)
He ran so fast as to win the race.(他跑得太快,赢得了比赛。)
- 表示时间、条件、原因等,如:
I woke up early to catch the train.(我早起赶火车。)
She stayed at home to take care of her sick mother.(她呆在家里照顾生病的母亲。)
总之,动词不定式作为宾补,可以使句子更加完整,表达意义更加明确,是英语语法中不可或缺的一部分。