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高中非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词 知识要点： 一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（一）概述： 在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。 1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有： 1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如： They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. 2）都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. 3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如： He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态） He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式） We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时） Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式） 4）都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语） The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语） We are League members.（谓语动词的主语） We being League member, the work was well done.（现在分词的逻辑主语） 2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有： 1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。（二）非谓语动词的句法功能： 句子成分非谓语 主语 表语 宾语 补语 定语 状语 同位语不定式üüüüüüü动名词üüü（极少）ü ü现在分词 ü üüü 过去分词 ü üüü 二、非谓语动词用法：（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 1、不定式的形式： 主 动被 动一般式to writeto be written进行式to be writing/完成式to have writtento have been written 否定式：not + (to) do 1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如： I’m glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done. 2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. 3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. 2、不定式的句法功能： 1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 2）作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. 3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： With a lot of work to do, he didn’t go to the cinema. 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. 5）作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系： A）动宾关系： I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. What did you open it with? 如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. 如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式： Have you got anything to sent? Have you got anything to be sent? B）说明所修饰名词的内容： We have made a plan to finish the work. C）被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语： He is the first to get here. 6）作状语： A）表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right: To save money, he has tried every means. wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right: To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. B）表结果： He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用only放在不定式前表示强调： I visited him only to find him out. C）表原因： They were very sad to hear the news. D）表程度： It’s too dark for us to see anything. The question is simple for him to answer. 7）作独立成分： To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked. 8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。 If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to. 9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
高中非谓语动词视频讲解视频
1、非谓语动词的句法功能
名称 语 法 功 能
主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题
（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。
His job is to guard.(说明内容)
be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)
（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。
下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。
（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：
主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.
③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/
consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done
④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.
（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
There is no one to look after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。
She is now looking for a room to live in.
（5）不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。
We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .
in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
The novel was said to have been published.
I regret to have been with you for so many years.
seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。
此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
（7）不定式的省略。
①同一结构并列由and或or连接。
I want to finish my homework and go home.
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.
He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)
②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。
What he did was lose the game.
③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。
Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.
④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。
⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。如：
He could not but walk home.
（8）不定式的替代。
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：
Susan is not what she used to be.
—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your
homework.
—I know I ought to have.
常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to.
3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题
（1）动名词作宾语。
①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。
②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。
③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。
④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：
begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand
非谓语动词课件ppt
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高中英语非谓语动词讲解ppt
非谓语动词是高中语法较难的一部分，建议你先看一点书，了解非谓语动词的结构及使用方法。下面所举的例子都是10年的高考题，如果看不懂可以给我留言。
1. ____________the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached
解析：考察现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
2. Listen! Do you hear someone___________for help?
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。Hear
后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故
选A项。
3. Dina, ___________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
解析：该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。
4.So far nobody has claimed the money _________ in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered
解析：该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money，根据the money与discover的被动关系，排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思，根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A项。
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