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主谓一致 精讲精练例句
高考英语二轮语法精讲精练-主谓一致
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系.有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数,需仔细推敲.处理主谓一致要注意语法一致,意义上一致和就近一致.
高考重点要求：
根据主谓一致的三个原则(语法一致,意义一致,就近一致), 判断和确定句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致
掌握固定词组作主语,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致
知识点概述
一、语法上的一致
一个句子的主语是单数时,谓语动词也应是单数形式,主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式.例如：
Learning English is very important.
学习英语是很重要的.
The girl together with her two sisters has left for Nanjing.
Both Bob and Tom are my friends.
但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人,同一类物,谓语动词要用单数形式.
例如：A singer and dancer is going to attend our meeting.
由and连接的并列单数主语前,如果分别有each, every等修饰时,谓语要用单数.
例如：Every boy and every girl was given a present.
Each word and each phrase in the dictionary is important.
二、意义上的一致
主语形式是单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数,但意义为单数,谓语动词也用单数.如表示一笔钱,一段时间,一定重量时,这些单位虽是复数形式,但谓语动词是单数形式.
例如：It seems to me that five years is so short a time.
Two hundred dollars was spent on the books.
有些集体名词,如family, group, class等作主语时,作为整体看待,谓语动词要用单数,就其中一个个成员而言,谓语要用复数.
例如：My family is a happy one.
My family are watching TV.
三、就近一致
出现几个主语时,谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致.There be, Here be句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致.当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时,be动词往往与最邻近的一个一致.
例如：There is an orange, two apples and many bananas on the table.
There are two books and a dictionary on the desk.
两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also等连接时,谓语动词用靠近原则.
例如：Neither you nor I am right.
Not only the students but also the teacher is going to attend the meeting.
但如果用as well as连接两个主语用靠前原则
例如：Mary as well as you is my friend.
实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
集体名词看作整体时,谓语动词用单数,看作各个成员时,谓语用复数.
例如：His family isn’t large.
His family are all fond of music.
些名词如news, maths, physics等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数,谓语动词要用单数.
例如：The news is wonderful.
Physics is an interesting subject.
由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语,是当作一个整体看待的,后面用单数动词.
例如：Five minutes is too short.
Ten dollars is enough.
主语后面跟有介词with或together with 引导的短语时,谓语动词一般与前面的主语的人称和数一致.
例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab.
主语前有every或each修饰时,无论有几个主语,谓语动词用单数.
例如：Every teacher and every student in our school has been to the Century Park.
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、He is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
答案为D.
【解析】 这是一个定语从句.在one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式：one of the students中的先行词是the students,定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式.the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one,定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式.又因“for three years”是完成时的标志.
例2、Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A. work B. working C. is working D. are working
答案：C
【解析】 Professor Smith决定谓语动词的数；his assistants和谓语动词的数无关.
例3、Not only ______interested in football but ______beginning to show an interest in it.
the teacher himself is … all his students are
the teacher himself is …are all his students
is the teacher himself …are all his students
is the teacher himself …all his students are
答案为D.
【解析】 not only …but (also )连结两个句子,用部分倒装.
例4、----“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _____ to go to university.”
----“So do I.”
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
答案为B.
【解析】 “each of +名词复数”谓语用单数.
例5、E-mail, as well as telephone, ______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. hoped
答案为A.
【解析】 本题考察主谓一致,当主语后面跟有as well as短语时,其后的谓语动词不受as well as之后的名词影响,仍然和主语在人称和数上保持一致.
例6、Books of this kind ______ well.
A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold
答案为A.
【解析】 “kind(s) of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数依kind 单复数而定；“复数名词 + of this/that kind ”作主语时,谓语动词的数依of 前面的名词而定.本题中sell 用作不及物动词表示“销售”.
例7、Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
答案为C.
【解析】 mean单数复数一个形式.在本题中代表单数.
例8、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
答案为D.
【解析】 不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数.
例9、The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different
reasons.
A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were
答案为C.
【解析】 “the number of” 表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数；“a number of”表示“许多”,谓语用复数.
例10、______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth…is B. Two fifth…are C. Two fifths…is D. Two fifths…are
答案为C.
【解析】 考察数词和主谓一致.分数词在句中作主语时,谓语动词必须跟分数词所修饰的名词保持数的一致.
第三节 巩固练习
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. His “Selected Poems” ______ first published in 1965.
A. were B. was C. has been D. were
2. All but one ______ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
3. Seventy percent of the students here ______ from the country side.
A. is B. are C. comes D. has come
4. More than 60 percent of world’s radio programmes ______ in English.
A. is B. was C. are D. be
5. The whole class ______ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening
6. The United States of America ______ one of the most developed countries in the world.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. The air in big cities ______ very dirty by factories.
A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made
8. A large number of students of this school _______ fond of playing football.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
9. Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.
A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study
10. I, who ______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your lessons.
A. be B. am C. are D. is
11. Ten dollars ______a big sum for a small child , and they will go a long way .
A. are B. being C. have D. is
12. The rich ______ not always happy.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
13. Apples of this kind _______.
A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well
14. The Olympic Games _______ held every _______ years.
A. is…four B. are…four C. is…five D. are…five
15. No one but her parents ______ it.
A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing
16. ______ a good enough price for this book.
A. Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuans is D. Two yuan is
17. No bird and no beast _______ in the lonely island.
A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees
18. The news of victories ______ spreading far and wide.
A. is B. are C. have been D. were
19.Few of his family ______ with his imaginative ideas.
A. agree B. agrees C. are agreed D. is agreed
20. The paper for books and newspapers _____ made of wood.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
21. Neither your mother nor you ______ at home.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
22. It is she who _______ wrong.
A. is B. am C. are D. has been
23. ________ well looked after in that hospital.
A. Wounded are B. Wounded is C. The wounded are D. The wounded is
24. Twenty of us are old. The rest _______ young.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
25. The Smiths ______ to move into the new building.
A. are B. is C. has D. will
26. It is said the police _______ trying their best to catch the murderer.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
27. Here ______ a new pair of shoes for you.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
28. The best ______ still unknown.
A. is B. are C. be D. were
29. We each _______ to pass the entrance examinations.
A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. is hoping
30. Bread and butter ______ a kind of food.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
31. The watch and chain ______ of gold.
A. is made B. are made C. were made D. am made
32. Half the eggs ______ bad.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
33. ______ this pair of glasses ______ her well?
A. Is…fit B. Do…fit C. Does…fit D. Are…fit
34. About eighty percent of the students in his class ______ below sixteen.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
35. There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
36. A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
37. Large quantities of paper ______ wasted.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
38. How and why he ______ come to Princeton, New Jersey ______ a story of struggle, success and sadness.
A. had…was B. had… are C. had… has D. had… have
39. Not only I but also Jessie and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
40.My driving licence , rather than my credit cards, ______lost .,
A. have B. are C. is D. has
41. Nobody but Jane and Mary ______ secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
42. A great deal of ______ was done to crops.
A. damages B. damaging C. damage D. ruin
43. —Do you want the pants?
—My pants ______ laid in bed.
A. is B. was C. are D. being
44. I told him what I was surprised ______ his attitude towards his study.
A. is B. was C. at is D. at was
45. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest _______ more difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
46. They each ______ a new dictionary.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
47.The pilot as well as four of the passengers ______death .
A. has escaped B. have escaped C. has been escaped D. have been escaped
48. Every hour and every minute ______ important.
A. are B. were C. is D. will
49. Nobody except Bill and Johnny ______entered the second round of the interview.
A. have B. has C. have been D. has been
50. He is one of the old scientists who ______nothing about his personal income and fame .
A. cares B. care C. is caring D. are caring
第十三章 主谓一致
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B
11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C
21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. A
31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. A 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. C
41. B 42. C 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. B
高中英语主谓一致语法填空题
此处应填写has been。全句意为：所有能做的我们都做了。我们不能再做任何事情，只有等待和观望。
解析：主谓一致应遵循三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
根据语法一致，整个上下文句子都是现在时，所以此处应为现在完成时的被动语态，表示“已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果”。
根据意义一致，此处All相当于everything，故谓语动词应为单数。
希望上述解释对你理解此题有帮助。
高一英语选择题蒙题技巧
He argued( )smoking,and insisted that it was( )argument that smoking was harmful to health.
A.for;beyond B.against;over C.for;over D.against;beyond
答: D
译：他反对吸烟并坚持认为抽烟对人有害，这是不容争辩的。
析：sth be beyond arguement 是可以理解为 超出argument的范围，不需要argue,
2.It was ( ) the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.
A.worthwhile taking B.worthy of taking C.wothy to take
答：A
译：不厌其烦地跟新的职员解释清楚一项工作是值得的。
析：句型：it is worthwhile doing (to do ) sth. 做某事是值的的。
sth is worthy of being done / sth. is worthy to be done. (adj.worthy后用被动结构）
3.The proposals are currently ( ) and soon the committee will make a final decision.
A. take into account B.into consideration C.under consideration D.considering
答：C
译：这些建议目前正在考虑之中，不久委员会将作出最终的决定。
析：sth. be under consideration 表示“。。。在考虑之中”。
Sth be taken in to account , A应用taken
没有be into ...这种用法。可以说：sth. is taken into consideration.排除B
consider是一个及物动词，且一般为人发出。排除D
4.Those who ( ) in ( ) compositions,please hand them in this morning.
A.hasn`t handed ;his B.haven`t handed; their
初中主谓一致单选题带答案带解析
高中英语主谓一致训练
1.There ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.
A. hundreds people B. hundred people
C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples
2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out
C. are handing out D. is to hand out
3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.
A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was
C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is
5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.
A. were; it B. are; them
C. was; it D. is; them
6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.
A. is exploited B. are exploited
C. had exploited D. have exploited
7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
8. Mathematics _______ the language of science.
A. are B. are going to be
C. is D. is to be
9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently?
A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is
11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
12. The whole family _______ TV attentively.
A. are watching B. is watching
C. is seeing D. are seeing
13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. was B. were
C. have been D. would be
14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.
A. were B. was C. is D. sits
15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.
A. are not preserved B. is not preserved
C. were preserved D. have not been preserved
16. There ______ little change in that middle school.
A. have B. had C. have been D. has been
17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.
A. going to be B. / C. is D. that
18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.
A. is covered B. is covering
C. were covered D. are covered
19. The following ______ some other mental diseases.
A. being B. are C. was D. were
20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
21. “ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.
A. have told B. tells
C. were told D. was told
22. You and I _____ twin sisters.
A. were B. are C. is D. am
23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.
A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given
24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.
A. rots away B. rot away
C. has rotted away D. are rotted away
25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.
A. is cleaning B. are cleaning
C. were cleaning D. have cleaned
26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.
A. have known B. knows
C. is known D. are known
27. The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.
A. were B. has been
C. had been D. was
28. “ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？”
“______ .”
A. Nobody of us has B. Nobody of us have
C. None of us has D. None of us did
29. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.
A. were advancing B. were advanced
C. was advancing D. advancing
30. Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.
A. is enjoy B. were enjoying
C. enjoys D. enjoy
1.解析：选B. hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s
2. 解析：选D. 当either …or 连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
3. 解析：选A. who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I , 所以谓语动词要用am.
4. 解析：选D. 主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
5.解析：选C. there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。
6. 解析：选A. 主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。
7. 解析：选A. 主语Stories of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
8. 解析：选C. 此处mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
9. 解析：选B. both----and---连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。
10.解析：选C. either 是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either要数上保持一致。
11.解析：选B. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。
12.解析：选A. 此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。
13. 解析：选A. 此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
14. 解析：选A. 此句为倒装句，句子的主语是a soldier and two young people.
15. 解析：选B. 此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.
16. 解析：选D. 此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词。
17. 解析：选C. 本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。
18. 解析：选A. 本句缺谓语，主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。
19. 解析：选B. 本句的表语 是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。
20.解析：选C. 根据 就近一致性原则，谓语用am.
21. 解析：选B. 本句的主语是书名，从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。
22. 解析：选B. 用and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用非第三人称单数形.
23.解析：选B. 本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
24.解析：选B. 本句主语是tons, 是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。
25.解析：选A. 本句主语Mayor是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
26. 解析：选B.主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。
27. 解析：选D. 主语works 是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。 Long ago 表示过去.
28. 解析：选C. 因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态回答，另外主语不可用nobody of us.
29.解析：选A. 主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。
30. 解析：选C. 本句主语是不定代词everyone，为单数主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。
1、-How are the team playing?
-They’re playing well, but one of them ______ hurt. （北京2002春季）
A、got B、gets C、are D、were
真题解析：本题考查主谓一致和时态的用法。首先从主谓一致入手，one of them为单数主语，可以先排除C和D；根据句意，“有个人受伤了”应该是一般过去时，因此答案为A。
2、As a result of destroying the forests, a large ____ of desert _____ covered the land.（上海2001）
A、number; has B、quantity; has C、number; have D、quantity; have
真题解析：本题考查名词的修饰和主谓一致问题。a large number of修饰可数名词，所以先排除A的C项；desert为不可数名词，后面的谓语动词应该用单数has，所以正确答案是B。
3、All the preparations for the task _________ , and we are ready to start. (2000年全国春季卷)
A、completed B、complete
C、had been completed D、have been completed
真题解析：本题考查名词的主谓一致。首先，根据句意“所有的准备工作都已经做完了，我们准备开始做。”可见此处应该用现在完成时；其次，preparations为复数，即主语为复数，所以用have，故正确答案为D。
4、I told him what I was surprised _________ his attitude towards his study. (2000年春季上海卷)
A、is B、was C、at is D、at was
真题解析：本题考查主谓一致、固定搭配和从句时态的问题。be surprised at为固定搭配，at不能省略，它后面的宾语是what；what I surprised at充当told后面宾语从句的主语，是一个what引导的名词性句子，后面的谓语动词应该用单数，且和主句用一般过去时，从句对应也要用过去时。因此，正确答案是D。
5、Every possible means _______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (2000年春季上海卷)
A、is used B、are used C、has been used D、have been used
真题解析：本题考查主谓一致和时态问题。主语的means为单数名词，意思是“手段、方法”，因此，要先排除B和D项；根据句意“所有阻止空气污染的方法都用过了，但天空气还是不干净。”，可见，此处应该用现在完成时。因此答案应为C。
名词和主谓一致 [历届高考题]
(78统) 1. His “Selected Poems” ____ first published in 1965.
A. were B. was C. has been
2. Mathematics ____ the language of science.
A. is B. are going to be C. are
(83统) 3. Miss Smith is a friend of ____.
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother
C. Mother’s of Mary D. Mary mother’s
(84统) 4. A good deal of money ____ spent on books.
A. have B. has
C. have been D. has been
5. Tables are made of ____.
A. wood B. woods
C. wooden D. some woods
(85统) 6. On the wall ____ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
7. “I wonder whose bicycle it is.”
“It might be my ____”
A. neighbour’s B. dear neighbour
C. neighbour D. neighbour
8. “Where’s your brother ?” “At ____.”
A. Mr Green’s B. Greens
C. the Mr Green’s D. the Greens
(86统) 9. “____turn green in spring.
A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves
10. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
(87统) 11. Father went go his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice
C. advices D. the advices
12. All but one ____ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
(89标) 13. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
(90标) 14. A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered
C. are offered D. have offered
(91标) 15. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
答案
1. BAADA 6. BAADB 11. BDBAA
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