本文目录
非谓语动词改错题
我相信 你把下面一段话理解了，再结合后面的例题和练习题 自己实际操作一下 以后再做非谓语动词改错就不难了 非谓语动词包括不定式、分词和动名词，它不存在人称和数的变化，但具有各种时态形式，并有主动、被动之分。改错题中非谓语动词的误用主要包括：非谓语动词同谓语动词相混淆、非谓语动词发生的时间与谓语动词发生的时间的先后顺序相混淆、非谓语动词三种形式互相混淆、现在分词与过去分词作定语时的相互混淆等。
要识别这类错误，考生要注意以下几点：
1.哪些动词之后只可接动词不定式作宾语，哪些只可接动名词，哪些又两者皆可接。
2.非谓语动词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是否一致。如不一致，则需要在非谓语动词前加上逻辑主语。
3.现在分词和过去分词都可以放在其所修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。当所修饰的名词是分词表示的动作的主体时，用现在分词;当所修饰的名词是分词所表示的动作的受体时，用过去分词。
4.某些动词的现在分词与过去分词可用作形容词，但意思不同。现在分词作形容词时词义为“令人有…的感觉”，它的主语一般为事物。过去分词作形容词时意为“(人)有…的感觉”。如：surprising“令人惊讶的”，surprised“惊奇的，诧异的”,exciting“令人高兴的”，excited“激动的，兴奋的”。
【例】(05-12-S4)
Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile. S4. __________
【解析】动词avoid后面通常接动名词充当宾语，意为“避免做某事”。 真题单句归纳(1) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. (wanted 后加 to，因为want 后要接不定式) (全国卷)(2) …rather than go into the forest and getting lost. (getting 改 get，因为 get 与其前的go 并列) (全国卷)(3) David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. (leading 改为 lead，因为其前有助动词 would) (全国卷)(4) I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. (stood 改为 stand，因为 to stand up 在此为不定式结构) (全国卷)(5) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (climbed 改为 climb / climbing，若将 as well as 视为连词，则将 climbed 改为 climb，因为它与其前的 do 并列；若将 as well as 视为介词，则 climbing，因为介词后动词用动名词) (全国卷)(6) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. (去掉live 前的 to，因为 live 与其前的 know, have 并列) (全国卷)(7) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (improve前加to，to improve…为表目的的不定式短语) (全国卷)(8) …you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (send改为sending，因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)(9) …and let you to know when the book you want has returned (去掉 know 前的 to，因为其前有动词 let) (全国卷)(10) I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. (have改为having，因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)(11) I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. (return前加 to，因为 want 后要接不定式) (全国卷)(12) It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (drove改为 drive，因为 drive 与其前的 to meet 并列，此处的 drive 为省略 to 的不定式) (全国卷)(13) I look forward to hear from you soon. (hear改为 hearing，因为其前的 to 是介词) (全国卷)(14) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (第一个play改为 playing，因为动词原形不能用作主语) (全国卷)(15) I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort. (watch改为 watching，因为动词原形不能用作主语) (全国卷) (16) I’d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. (come 前加 to，因为 would like 后接不定式) (北京春季卷)(17) I’ll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. (prepare 改为 preparing，因为它与其前的 reading 并列，与其前所用的动词 spend 有关) (北京春季卷)(18) But then there is always more mysteries look into. (look 前加 to，此处为不定式作后置定语) (北京春季卷)(19) After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me. (learn 改为learning，因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (北京春季卷)(20) My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (make 前加 to，因为 to make… 在此用作目的状语，注意句型 do all one can to do sth) (全国卷)(21) He did not want share things with other people. (want 后加 to，因为want 后要接不定式) (北京春季卷)(22) That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. (making 改为made，因为缺谓语，不能用非谓语形式，根据上下文用一般过去时) (北京春季卷)(23) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited，因为它与其前的 fed 和其后的 told 并列) (全国卷)(24) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go 改为 going，因为动词原形不能用作主语) (安徽春季卷)(25) …children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (read 改为 reading，因为介词后要接动名词) (年北京春季卷)(26) …to make children to want things that they don’t really need.(去掉 want 前的 to，因为 want…在此用作使役动词 make 的宾语补足语) (年北京春季卷)(27) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. (talk 改为 talking，因为动词 enjoy 后要接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)(28) Shake her head, she said, “It isn’t a good time to do that, dear.” (Shake 改为 Shaking，现在分词表伴随) (江苏卷)(29) It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. (have 改为 having，介词后用动名词作宾语) (广西卷)(30) I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some parks. (visit 改为 visiting，因visit与making并列，作介词of的宾语) (四川卷)(31) I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.(giving 改为 given，“把某物给某人”是give sth to sb；句中records与give是被动关系，故用过去分词)(32) I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. (give改为giving，因它与standing并列，作dream of的宾语) 模拟单句演练(1) In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.(2) It’s very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.(3) It was silly of you believe what he said.(4) He was made wash the boss’s car once a day.(5) I’ll let you to know as soon as I hear from her.(6) I waved to her but failed attract her attention.(7) I have already seen the film twice. I don’t want see it any more.(8) What I want know is when all this happened.(9) It was clear that he wanted be alone.(10) Most children are interested in listen to stories.(11) Walk quickly is difficult for an old man.(13) Be careful in cross the street.(14) The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice.(15) Find work is very difficult these days.(16) Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English.(17) Look, some of my classmates are practising speak English over there.(18) Teach a child to sing and dance is very interesting.(19) Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it.(20) My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things.(21) He decided to go to the south, find a good job and living there.(22) It was very kind of you to buy us some much fruit and seeing us at the station.(23) Excuse me, would you to tell me the way to the zoo? 【参考答案】(1) work 前加 to，此句为 force sb to do sth 的被动形式。(2) learn 前加 to，此句用的是 it’s difficult for sb to do sth 句型。(3) believe 前加 to，此句用的是 it’s silly of sb to do sth 句型。(4) wash 前加 to，make sb do sth 中的 do 不能带to，但若 make 用于被动语态，则其后的 do 要带 to。(5) 去掉 to，因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to。(6) attract 前加 to，fail to do sth 意为“未能做某事”。(7) see 前加 to，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。(8) know 前加 to，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。(9) be 前加 to，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。(10) listen 改为 listening，介词后接动名词作宾语。(12) Walk 改为 Walking，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。注意不能将 walk 视为名词，因为其后有副词修饰语 quickly。(13) cross 改为 crossing，介词后接动名词作宾语。(14) see 改为 seeing，worth 后接动词要用动名词形式。(15) Find 改为 Finding，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。(16) ask 改为 asking，enjoy 后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。(17) speak 改为 speaking，practise 后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。(18) Teach 改为 Teaching，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。(19) Learn 改为 Learning，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。(20) repair 改为 repairing，因它与 making 并列，一起用作介词 at 的宾语。(21) living 改为 live，因它与其前的 go to…, find… 并列。(22) seeing 改为 see，因它与 to buy 并列，see 为省略 to 的不定式。(23) 去掉 tell 前的 to，因 would you… 后应接动词原形，不接不定式。
非谓语动词知识点总结及例句
有人说，非谓语题在高考英语试卷中，少则一题，多则两三题，没几分，不必太在意。其实不然，非谓语作为一种基本的语法现象是可以出现在任何题目中的，涉及单选、完型、阅读、改错等各类题型，即使是在作文中，如果通篇都不出现一个非谓语，恐怕分数也不会太高。
可以说，非谓语在整张考卷中都以各种可察觉或不可察觉的方式考查着我们。因此，千万不要以分值小为由而忽略非谓语的重要性。
关于非谓语的语法详讲，同学们在课堂上已基本掌握，下文主要以高考真题为例，以非谓语题的答题技巧为主要内容，来梳理一下这个知识点，帮助同学们在高考英语中准确解答，稳拿高分。
非谓语知识点概述
非谓语形式就是动词的变形，即由动词变化而来，但不能做谓语，而是承担其他语法功能。主要有三种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词。详见下表：
以上形式又各有不同的变化形式，如：
大体用法如下：
非谓语动词的否定形式：
在非谓语动词前加not。
非谓语动词的复合结构：
①for sb.to do sth.（sb.是to do的逻辑主语）
②one's doing（one是doing的逻辑主语）
例如：
For Tom to learn a foreign language is too difficult.
相当于It is too difficult for Tom to learn a foreign language.
句意：对汤姆来说学习一门外语太难了。（Tom 是to learn a foreign language的逻辑主语。）
例如：Do you mind Tom's smoking?
句意：你介意汤姆吸烟吗？（Tom是smoking的逻辑主语。）
非谓语题答题技巧
01
确定是否需要非谓语。句中已经有谓语动词，再出现动词表示动作时，须用非谓语形式，如果是并列谓语要有and或“，”链接。
02
分析是不是固定短语。如果是，按照固定短语分析。
03
分析出非谓语的逻辑主语，主要有以下集几种情况：
①非谓语做定语时，非谓语的逻辑主语是非谓语所修饰的词。
例如：I like the teacher teaching English.
（译：我喜欢教英语的那个老师。）
句中非谓语做定语，修饰the teacher，the teacher是非谓语teaching的逻辑主语，非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
②非谓语做状语时，非谓语的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
例如：Watching TV，she was moved.
（译：看电视时，她被感动了。）
句中非谓语做状语，非谓语的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，she是非谓语watching TV的逻辑主语，非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
③非谓语做宾语补足语时，非谓语的逻辑主语是该句的宾语。
例如：His boss wanted Li Lei to finish the work.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
（译：李雷的老板让他完成工作。）
句中非谓语to finish做宾语him的补足语，him 是to finish的逻辑主语，非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
04
确定非谓语的逻辑主语后，分析非谓语与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。
05
分析非谓语表示的动作与主句谓语动作发生的时间关系，分析非谓语表示的动作是发生在谓语动词的同时、之前还是之后。
非谓语真题练习
【2021年】
八省联考
1.Like many other students, you may have various people, 56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.
浙江卷
1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【2020年】
全国卷 I
1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.
2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
3. My mom told me how to preparing it.
全国卷 Ⅱ
1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.
3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.
全国卷 III
1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.
2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
山东卷
1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.
浙江卷
1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.
2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas， 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
江苏卷
1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A. combined with B. combining with
C. having combined with D. to be combined with
▲2019 年
全国卷 I
1. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.
2. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
3. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
全国卷 II
1. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.
2. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
3. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
全国卷 III
1. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.
2. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
3. Now my dream is to opens a pen cafe.
4. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
浙江卷
1. But some students didn't want 63 (wear) the uniform.
▲2018 年
全国卷 I
1.You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
2. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
全国卷 II
1. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.
2. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide", says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
4. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.
全国卷 III
1. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).
2. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.
3. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
浙江卷
1. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
▲2017 年
全国卷 I
1. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
2. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
全国卷 II
1. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
2. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
全国卷 III
1. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest).
2. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
浙江卷
1. Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal.
2. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
▲2016 年
全国卷 I
1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
全国卷 II
1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home.
2. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
全国卷 III
1. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.
2. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
3. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
▲2015 年
全国卷 I
1. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
2. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick gateways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
全国卷 II
1. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 64 (use) electric equipment.
2. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
3. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.
答案
▲2021年
八省联考
1.including
句意为“像许多其他学生一样，可能会有各种各样的人，包括你的家人 和朋友，为你上哪所大学提供意见”。空白处应填介词 including 。
浙江卷
1.studied
考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，该句谓语动词为had，故此空考查study的非谓语动词形式，此处作countries的后置定语；而countries与study之间为被动关系，且“研究”是已经完成了的动作，故填studied。
2. living
考查非谓语动词。此空考查live的非谓语动词形式，此处作people的后置定语；而people与live之间为主动关系，故填living。
▲2020 年
全国卷 I
1.to find
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
2. frying改为fried
考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3. preparing改为prepare
考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
全国卷 II
1. coming
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comeback to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
2. decorated
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
3. to care
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填tocare。
全国卷 III
1.to find
考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
2. surrounding
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
山东卷
1.walking
考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
浙江卷
1. to change
考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
2.making
考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
江苏卷
1.A
考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
▲2019 年
全国卷 I
1.to perform
该句为 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构，主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系，但需用不定式的主动式作状语。
2. noting
介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。
3.say → saying
全国卷 II
1. being
介词后用动词 -ing 形式作宾语。
2. to retire
名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。
3. saying
名词 call 与 say 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
全国卷 III
1. to get
分析句子结构可知，it takes + 时间 + to do sth 中，it 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
2. listening
主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。
3.opens → open
4.manage → managing
浙江卷
1. to wear want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。
▲2018 年
全国卷 I
1. to see
根据句意 “要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see 作目的状语。
2. dying
介词后用 die 的动名词形式 dying。
3.sell → selling
全国卷 II
1. to improve
根据语境 “改善水质” 是 “政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。
2. feeding
when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。
3.watching → watch
全国卷 III
1. (64) looking
avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth 意为 “避免做某事”。
(65).challenged
主语 he 与 challenge（对……挑战）之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
2. to stay
allow sb to do sth是固定结构，意为 “允许某人做某事”，因此应填 to stay。
3.wait → waiting
浙江卷
1. visiting
remember doing sth 意为 “记得做过某事”。
▲2017 年
全国卷 I
1. to process
根据语境“需要它们（脂肪和盐）来处理食物” 和关键词required 可知，此处应填 to process。
2. eating
“by+动名词”作方式状语。此处意为 “吃大量的快餐，人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的盐和油脂”。
全国卷 II
1. laying
63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列结构，因此用 laying。
2.pick → to pick
全国卷 III
1. resting
spend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构, 故填 resting。
2. to prove
want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。
浙江卷
1. to cook
由语境“Pahlsson 摘掉戒指去做饭”可知，不定式短语作状语，表目的。
2. swept
句子主语 ring 与 sweep 之间为被动关系， 因此用过去分词形式。
▲2016 年
全国卷 I
1.(66) permitted
被修饰的名词和 permit 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
(67) introducing
include后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语，故填 introducing。
全国卷 II
1. to bring
be likely to do sth 是固定结构，意为“可能做某事”，故填 to bring。
2.take → taking
全国卷 III
1. to create
根据句意可知，这里用不定式表目的，故填 to create。
2. using
根据语境可知，use的逻辑主语是 people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填 using。
3.wear → wearing
▲2015 年
全国卷 I
1. conducted
主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
2. living
被修饰的名词与 live 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
全国卷 II
1.(61)built
名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
(64) using
介词后用动名词形式，故填 using。
2. to cool
该句为“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构, 故填 to cool。
3.looks → looking
非谓语动词出选择题主要考点是那些内容
非谓语动词的考法主要是 To do 或不带to 的不定时 如;I hear someone sing the songs in the next room
还有ing 和ed的形式 如I went to the movies,following my mother.这是表示主动的 我跟着妈妈去看电影 还有表示被动的 就用ed形式 还是原句 便于理解 I went to the movies,my friends followed.这就是说我的朋友跟着我去看电影
高中英语改错题技巧和常考知识点
每一种题型都有对应的答题步骤及规则，当然每一种题型也有相关的解题技巧，下面我们就来看看高中英语短文改错题答题步骤及规则，里面有答题的步骤、改错题万能答题公式、改错题的出题规律等等，帮助大家尽快提升短文改错题的答题水平，进而提升英语成绩。
高中英语改错题答题步骤
第一步：考生必须熟悉设错方式
1. 考生必须熟悉设错方式：多词、少词、错词。
⑴ 多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
⑵ 少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。
⑶ 错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。
2. 考生平时应加强基本功训练，用一个“错题集”本把自己或同学在书面表达中出现的错误归纳一下，以便考前复习。
短文改错与书面表达一样，最能反映一个人的语言功底。考生在该题上失分最厉害，因为此题而影响英语总成绩的占大多数。
第二步：对全文宏观把握
学生应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解，这样能对短文有个宏观把握，对上下文有全面的了解。
在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读，分析判断，上下兼顾，把明显的、拿的准的题先做完，这样可以缩小包围圈，也有助于对全文的进一步理解。
第三步：从语法角度审查
1. 查看时态是否一致。
My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. 全文都是用的一般现在时，此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符，应改为am。
2. 查看主谓是否一致。
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. cost应改为costs，因其主语是it(为形式主语)，且上下文均为一般现在时。
3. 查指代是否一致。
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.句中的主语the Smiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代词his应改为their。
4. 查平行结构是否平行一致。
由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行，应改为drive。
5. 查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致。
We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese... quite a few 只能修饰复数名词，故subject应改为subjects。
6. 查行文逻辑是否一致。
Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when / whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。
第四步：改错题十大常见错误
短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，纵观近几年的高考试题及我们平常的模拟考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误：
1. 形容词与副词的误用。
如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。
2. 名词的单复数误用。
如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。
3. 代词的误用。
如you与your，it’s与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。
4. 介词的误用、缺少或多余。
常见的如in 与on，to与for，instead与instead of，because与because of等的误用。
5. 时态的错误。
看一篇 文章 ，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。
6. 连词的误用。
如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。
7. 第三人称单数后的动词形式。
8. 一些固定结构的误用。
如so...that被误用作very...that，too...to被误用very...to，as...as被误作so...as等。
9. 定语从句中关系词的误用。
10. 一些常用词的误用。
如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如anything与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。
第五步：验证答案
改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。
第六步：要多读多背，增强语感
在平常的学习中一定要注重语感的培养， 英语学习 的根本任务是学习语言，而学习语言的根本在于学习和习得语感。语感一旦形成，就为英语学习打下了良好的基础。
英语改错题规则及原则
一、短文改错万能公式
1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和 热点 ，常见动词错误类型有：
①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;
②and前后动词时态不一致;
③主谓不一致;
④缺少动词,特别是be动词;
⑤第三人称单数形式错用;
⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。
2.名词的常见错误：
单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。
3.连词错误：
连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等。
关于连词，一般考查从句关系：who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
4.冠词错误：
误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);
误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)
5.形容词和副词错误：
系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);
词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。
6.代词错误：
代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)错误;
反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;
代词的单数和复数使用错误;
代词指代错误;
多代词或少代词。
7.非谓语动词的常见错误：
不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;
and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);
介词后用动名词形式作宾语;
某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
8.介词错误：
词组中的介词误用;
介词意思理解偏差;
介词的多用或少用
二、短文改错解答口诀
动词形，名词数;
注意形和副;
非谓动词细辨别;
习惯用法要记住;
句子 成分多分析;
1.动词形
主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。
例如：My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。
2.名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。
例如：…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
3.区分形和副
即区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。
例如：I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
4.非谓动词细辨别
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。
例如：
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。
5.习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。
例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
6.句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。
例如：They∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。
与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。
例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
…no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩)，因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。
除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误)，以及冠词的用法错误等。
例如：
She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)
三、短文改错参考原则
1.改动以最少为原则;
2.虚词以添加或删除为原则;
3.实词以改变词形为原则;
4.以保持句子原意为原则;
5.核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例：即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个;
6.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复，因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象;
7.核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
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