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虚拟语气有哪几种形式英语
虚拟语气
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反
I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过
去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。
If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.
如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时
即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。
If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you.
3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓
语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should
/could/ might +动词原形。
If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday
4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等 词
提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that
5. 有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方 式来表示。
We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:
1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.
His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.
The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.
2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.
It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.
It‘s natural that she (should) do so.
It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.
4. 在 lest 和 for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.
She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.
Have your gun ready in case we should need it.
III: wish 后的 that 从句中:
1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.
I wish I knew his address.
I wish I were young.
2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might + have + 过去分词.
I wish you had written to him.
I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变.
4. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变 或请求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
IV: 在 It’s about/ high/ first(second, third etc) time 后的that 从句中, 用过去式. 表示 “该是做什么的时候了”
It is about time you were in bed.
It is high time we left.
It is the first time I came here.
V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 用过去式或过去完成式, 表示”宁愿做什么”
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
VI: 在if only 感叹句中, 谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.
If only he didn’t drive so fast! (现在)
If only she had asked someone’s advice.(过去)
If only the rain would stop.(将来)
VII: 在as if / as though 从句中, 表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑, 用过去式; 表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.
He speaks as if he were on the spot.
She spoke to me as if I were deaf.
This device operated as though it had been repaired.
注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
2. 在 insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.
she insists that she is right.
she insisted that I should finish the work at once.
教师资格证报考官网
一、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
二、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。
三、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：
①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would,
should,
could
等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：if
i
had
come
her
yesterday,
i
would
have
seen
him.
if
i
were
a
teacher,
i
would
be
strict
with
my
students.
if
it
should
snow
tomorrow,
they
couldn’t
go
out.
四、注意事项
①if条件句中如有were,
should,
had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
●宾语从句中的虚拟语气
一、wish
后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气
wish
后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。
二、表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
从句中用“should
+
动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise,
direct,
agree,
ask,
demand,
decide,
desire,
insist,
order,
prefer,
propose,
request,
suggest等。
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
the
look
on
his
face
suggested
that
he
was
quite
satisfied
with
what
i
had
done
for
him.
he
insisted
that
he
was
honest.
三、would
rather
＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的位于动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
i
would
rather
you
did
this
instead
of
me.
●主语从句中的虚拟语气
一、it
be
+
形容词
+
that
．．．（should）．．．
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary,
good,
inportant,
right,
wrong,
better,
natural,
proper,
funny,
strange,
surprising
．
一些名词也可以用于
在该结构中。如：a
pity，
no
wonder．．．．
二、it
be
+
过去分词
+
that
．．．（should）．．．．
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired，
suggested，
requested，
ordered，
proposed等。
三、it
is
time（about
time，
high
time）that
．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．．．．
it
is
high
time
i
went
home
now.
=
it
is
high
time
i
should
go
home
now.
●表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion，
proposal，
order，
plan，
idea，
advice，
decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省略。
例：my
suggestion
is
that
weshould
go
there
at
once.
what
do
you
think
of
his
proposal
that
we
should
put
on
a
play
at
the
english
evening?
虚拟语气有哪些表现形式英语
说明:引用此文请注明出处,并务请保留后面的有效链接地址,谢谢！ 虚拟语气表现形式一用动词原形表示虚拟语气，可用于所有人称和数。如：If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted. 如果这是官方的看法，这是不能接受的。If any person be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal. 如果有人被发现有罪，他应有申诉权。虚拟语气表现形式二用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气，可用于所有人称和数（其中be的过去式用were，也适用于所有人称和数）。如：If he failed he should try again. 万一他失败了，他应当再试一次。If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你会成功的。If we missed the show, it would be a pity. 如果我们错过演出，那会很遗憾的。If I were you, I’d accept their offer. 如果我是你，我就接受他们的建议。虚拟语气表现形式三用“had+过去分词”表示虚拟语气，可用于所有人称和数。如：If I had worked harder at school, I’ d have got a better job. 要是我上学时勤奋一些，我就会有较好的工作了。If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do. 如果他了解事实，他是可能告诉我们怎样做的。We would never have met if he hadn’t have crashed into my car. 要不是他撞了我的车，我们就不会见面了。虚拟语气表现形式四用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，可用于所有人称和数。如：He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。If you should write to her, send her my love. 如果你给她写信，请代我向她致意。It is not necessary that everyone should be a scientist. 没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。虚拟语气表现形式五用“should+have+过去分词”表示虚拟语气，可用于所有人称和数。如：You should have told us earlier. 你应当早点告诉我们的。It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪，他没有通知我们就走掉了。 [1]
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