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怎样造英语句子初中
造句用词语组织句子,它由词或词组构成,能表达一个完整的意思,如告诉别人一件事,提出一个问题,表示要求或制止,表示某种感慨。以下是我精心整理的揭秘英语怎样造句子的方法,希望对大家有所帮助。
1)主语
是句子的主体,动作的执行者,它可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式,甚至句子也可以担当主语。例如:
The apple is red. (the apple:名词作主语)
He likes apples. (he:代词作主语)
Reading in bed is a bad habit. (reading:动名词作主语)
To say is easier than to do. (to say:动词不定式作主语)
What he did makes the teacher very angry. (what he did:句子作主语)
2)谓语
通常由单动词或动词短语构成,说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。例如:
My mother enjoys shopping. (enjoy:单动词作谓语)
The boys often play football on the playground. (play football:动词短语作谓语)
3)宾语
动作所涉及的人或物,也就是动作的对象或内容。例如:
He bought a book yesterday. (a book:内容)
His dad shouted at him. (him:对象)
在某些句子中,既有对象也有内容,这种句子叫做双宾语结构,包括直接宾语和间接宾语。物体是直接宾语,人是间接宾语。例如:
I gave him a book. (直接宾语:a book;间接宾语:him)
My aunt bought me a bike as my birthday p resent. (直接宾语:a bike;间接宾语:me)
4)补语
顾名思义,补,就是补充说明宾语的状态或内容的成分,通常可以和宾语构成主谓或主系表关系。
We believe him honest. (He is honest)
The students considered Mr. Wang the best teacher. (Mr. Wang is the best teacher)
能够担当补语的有名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、介词短语等。
5)定语
限定名词范围的成分,简单来说就是把大的范围缩小的成分,称之为定语。
A girl,a beautiful girl,a beautiful girl with long hair
最简单也最常见的定语是形容词,此外,还有名词、代词、动名词、分词、介词、句子等。
He is a hardworking boy. (hardworking:形容词)
There is an apple tree in front of my house. (apple:名词)
The man on the bike looks like my uncle. (on the bike:介词)
He must use sleeping pills to help himself fall asleep. (sleeping:动名词)
句子作定语的情况,称之为定语从句,是用完整的句子来限制一个名词。通常定语从句前有引导词,常用的有who指人、which指物、that既指人又指物。例如:
He lives in a house which is made of wood.
The girl that we are talking about is my classmate.
6)状语
说明动词、副词、形容词、事件状态或程度的成分。例如:
She dances beautifully.(beautifully)
His handwriting is very beautiful.(very)
7)表语
表示主语的身份、状态、特征、和特性。一般由名词、形容词、介词等充当。谈到表语时,通常会提到系动词。系动词可分为以下几种:
Be-动词:am, is, are, was, were
变化系动词:get, become, turn, go
感官系动词:look, seem, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep, stay
通常把这些词后面的名词,形容词等具有名词性质的成分称之为表语。例如:
The flowers smell nice. (nice)
This sofa feels soft. (soft)
Leaves turn yellow in autumn. (yellow)
英语怎样造句子的方法:基本句型
1. S(主语)+ V(系动词)+ P(表语):
例句:The United States is a country of people with varied origins.
2. S(主语)+ Vi.(不及物动词):
例句:The universe exists in space and time.
3. S(主语)+ Vt.(及物动词)+ O(宾语):
例句:The o ld lady needs a maid tall enough to clean the ceiling.
4. S(主语)+ Vt.(及物动词)+ Oi(间接宾语+ Od(直接宾语):
例句:She showed me a photo of her family w hen I first met her.
5. S(主语)+ Vt.(及物动词)+ O + C(补足语):
例句:They asked us to sing an English song at the evening party.
这五种句型是英语中句子的基本形式,所有其他的各类句子都是以此为基础变化而来,它们就如数学公式,由此进行扩充,可形成了千变万化的句子。正是这些有限的结构原型及其转换形式,生成了无限实际使用的句子。因此,只要完整地掌握了这些句型,就如同拥有了学习的工具,无论是阅读,还是翻译、写作或是听与说,都可以利用它们来帮助正确理解和使用语言,以不变应万变。
英语怎样造句子的方法:基本句型解析
从以上句型可以看出,英语中每个完整的句子都有主语和谓语。章振邦先生说,“主语通常相当于句子的话题,是信息的出发点;谓语是对主语所作的说明,是说话人所要传递的信息。”不同于汉语,英语的句子中如果没有主语和谓语,就不成其为完整的句子。所以主语和谓语是句子的主体。
英语中一般的语序是主语在前,由名词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当;谓语随其后,由动词做谓语。当遇到一个长句、难句时,首要的工作是找出主语和谓语,以明确句子要表达的是哪个人物,怎么样;接下来看主语是否带有修饰限定成分,即定语,如果有,那一定在主语的前后(如是一个词作定语,一般在前;如是一个短语或从句作定语,则在后);然后再判断出谓语动词的类型,由此决定了其后是什么成分。如果谓语是系动词,其后一定是表语(句型1),表示主语的身份、特征或状态等;如果谓语是不及物动词,就不会有宾语,但可能会出现状语(句型2);如果谓语是及物动词,其后一定有宾语,但还须区分:有的动词是“单宾语及物动词”(句型3),有的是“双宾语及物动词”(句型4),有的是“复合宾语及物动词”(句型5)。由后三个句型可以看出,宾语是及物动词的连带成分,是动作的对象。它通常由名词(或相当于名词的词、短语、从句)充当。它也可能带有自己的定语,位置同主语的定语(表语的定语也是如此)。
因此,当遇到一个句子时,不管长短,不论难易,应提纲挈领,先找出主语和谓语,由主语带出定语,由谓语带出状语和宾语(有时宾语还带有定语、补足语)。也就是说,把主语和谓语确定好,其他成分各就各位了。
还应明确,一个简单句的基本结构是五种句型之一,其他的复合句也是如此。在复合句中,主句、从句的结构都在五种句型范围之列,有时从句中还有从句,从句再套从句,但每个从句的构成还是根据五种句型来搭配的。例如:
(1)When he had to go to work at six, her husband, who was then a railway worker, always left the house very quietly so that he would not disturb the rest of the family who were still sleeping soundly upstairs.
(2)Some of the students in their class will, even though they work hard at math, fail the exam, because they missed so many lectures.
例(1)中主谓分别是husband和left,主语一前一后带了两个定语her和who从句, 让我们明白了该句讲的是怎样的一个人(当时当铁路工人的`她的丈夫),谓语left是及物动词,它带出了宾语the house,还有四个状语:always,very quietly,when从句和so that从句。这四个状语从不同的侧面修饰动词,说明他何时,以怎样的方式离开家以及那样做的目的是什么。这个句子比较长,其结构是句型3,位于句首的由when引导的时间状语从句是句型2,主语后的who引导的定语从句是句型1,so that引导的目的状语从句是句型3,这三个从句位于同一层次上,分别修饰主谓语。在so that从句中还有一个who引导的定语从句,修饰其前的名词词组the rest of the family,其结构是句型2,它是下一个层次上的从句即从句中的从句。
例(2)中的主谓分别是some和will fail,主语带了两个后置定语,分别由两个介词短语担任,谓语带出了宾语the exam,又有两个状语:even though引导的让步状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句。该句的结构是句型3,让步状语从句是句型2,原因状语从句是句型3。
由于名词主要作主语、宾语和表语,又因定语是修饰限定名词的,因此,定语常会出现在主语、宾语和表语部分。实际上,在一个句子中,只要有名词的地方,就可能有定语。定语常由名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词充当,放在所修饰的名词前,也可由介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、形容词短语或从句充当,放在所修饰的名词后,表示场所的副词偶尔也作定语,放在名词后。例如:
Yesterday evening the students of Class Two saw an interesting foreign film with their foreign teacher at the club near our college.
这个句子较长,但它是一个简单句(句型3),主语students带有介词短语of结构作后置定语,宾语film前有两个形容词作定语,teacher作介词宾语,其前有两个修饰限定成分,club也是介词宾语,其后有一介词短语near our college作后置定语,college又有自己的定语。
每个句子中都可能出现状语,一般来说,状语是从不同的侧面修饰动词的,说明该动作在何时、何地、何因、何方式发生,常位于句末。但如句中有宾语,且较长时,常把状语放在宾语前,紧靠谓语动词。状语有时也放在句首,或是表示强调,或是为了使句子平衡。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词短语或从句充当。例如:
(1)The Chinese government sent to African countries its trade delegations, which would negotiate trade agreements with the respective government.
(2)In order to make a computer answer questions and do calculation, one must first put the problems into the computer language.
例(1)中由于宾语its trade delegations后有一个定语从句,造成宾语部分较长,所以把地点状语提前了。
例(2)中不定式短语作目的状语放在句首,以加强语气。
动词的非谓语形式(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词短语)用途很广,在句中充当除谓语外的其他成分,它们虽是短语,但其构成也是按五种基本句型搭配的,只不过它们没有真正的主语,而是隐含一个逻辑上的主语;另外,它们内部还可能出现从句。例如:
(1)We have to prepare all the necessary instructions for the computer so as to enable it to solve this complex problem.
(2)Realizing that I would be late for class, I had to run to school.
例(1)的结构属句型3,句尾有一个so as to引出的不定式短语充当目的状语,其逻辑主语是the computer,该短语的结构是句型5。它里面还有一不定式短语to solve…其逻辑主语是it,该短语是句型3。
例(2)中的分词短语realizing…作原因状语,该短语内部有一个that引导的宾语从句(句型1),这个分词短语是句型3,其逻辑主语是句子的主语I。
不及物动词不能带宾语,但它有时和介词、副词结合起来,构成了一动词短语,起着一及物动词的作用,可带宾语。
还有的动词+名词+介词,构成了一固定搭配,也相当于一个及物动词,可带宾语。例如:
(1)Sedentary habits of ten interfere with health.
(2)He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.
例(1)中的动词interfere是不及物动词,它和介词with结合起来,相当于一个及物动词,带了宾语health。
例(2)take(full)advantage of做谓语,起着及物动词的作用,带了宾语the mistakes made by his rivals。
除上述五种句型外,如果说还有额外的话,那就是 There be…句型,它是一特殊句型,谓语在前,主语在后,表“某处有某物,”或“某时有什么活动”,也有人认为它是句型(1)的变体。例如:
(1)There is no life on the moon.
(2)There w ill be a fashion show tomorrow evening.
通过上述分析可以看出,英语中所有的句子,不论是简单句,还是复合句,其句子成分与汉语相似,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语;其结构都在五种句型范围之内。当阅读、造句、翻译或讲英语时,应先找出句子的主语和谓语,以明确该句要表达的是:某人/物怎么样,再找出各自的附属成分,单调的句子框架变得丰满起来,可以明白:怎样的人/物,在何时、何地、何因、何方式、何条件下做了怎样的事,这样做的目的是什么,结果如何,等等。当然,语言的使用很灵活,有时根据修辞的需要,可采取倒装语序,或省略了某些成分,或使用被动语态等等。不过,所有这些都是五种句型的变体,这就要求在语言实践中,对具体的问题进行观察、分析、思考,灵活运用,不断提高驾御语言的能力。
1.Declarative
1.陈述句
A declarative sentence "declares" or states a fact, arrangement or opinion. Declarative sentences can be either positive or negative. A declarative sentences ends with a period (.).
陈述句是对事实、安排或观点进行“声明”或陈述。陈述句可以是肯定句,也可以是否定句。陈述句以句号(.)结尾。
I'll meet you at the train station.
(我们在火车站见面吧。)
The sun rises in the East.
(太阳从东方升起。)
He doesn't get up early.
(他不早起。)
2.Imperative
2.祈使句
The imperative form instructs (or sometimes requests). The imperative takes no subject as 'you' is the implied subject. The imperative form ends with either a period (.) or an exclamation point (!).
祈使句是发出命令(有时是要求)的一种句式。祈使句中一般没有主语,you是隐含的主语。祈使句以句号(.)或感叹号(!)结尾。
Open the door.
(把门打开。)
Finish your homework.
(把你的作业做完。)
Pick up that mess.
(把这乱七八糟的收拾一下。)
3.Interrogative
3.疑问句
The interrogative asks a question. In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb precedes the subject which is then followed by the main verb (i.e., Are you coming ....?). The interrogative form ends with a question mark (?).
疑问句就是提出问题的句式。疑问句中,助动词位于主语前面,而主语后则跟着主动词(例如:Are you coming..?)。疑问句以问号结尾。
How long have you lived in France?
(你在法国住了多久呀?)
When does the bus leave?
(公交什么时候开走的?)
Do you enjoy listening to classical music?
(你喜欢听古典音乐吗?)
4.Exclamatory
4.感叹句
The exclamatory form emphasizes a statement (either declarative or imperative) with an exclamation point (!).
感叹句通过感叹号(!)对一个陈述(陈述句或祈使句中)进行了强调。
Hurry up!
(快点!)
That sounds fantastic!
(听起来棒极了!)
I can't believe you said that!
(我真不敢相信你会那么说!)
英语写作的基本句型结构
1.Simple Sentences
1.简单句
Simple sentences contain no conjunction (i.e., and, but, or, etc.).
简单句中没有连接词(如and, but, or等)
Frank ate his dinner quickly.
(弗兰克飞快地吃了饭。)
(上个星期六,皮特和苏去了博物馆。)
Peter and Sue visited the museum last Saturday.
Are you coming to the party?
(你会去那个派对吗?)
2.Compound Sentences
2.并列复合句
Compound sentences contain two statements that are connected by a conjunction (i.e., and, but, or, etc.).
复合句由两个陈述构成,这两个陈述由连接词(如and, but or等)连在一起。
Practice writing compound sentences with this compound sentence writing exercise.
利用下面的练习来试着写写复合句。
I wanted to come, but it was late.
(我是想来的,但晚了。)
The company had an excellent year, so they gave everyone a bonus.
(公司这年效益不错,所以给每个人都准备了奖金。)
I went shopping, and my wife went to her classes.
(我去购物,我妻子去上课。)
3.Complex Sentences
3.主从复合句
Complex sentences contain a dependent clause and at least one independent clause. The two clauses are connected by a subordinator (i.e, which, who, although, despite, if, since, etc.).
主从复合句中含有一个独立的从句,且至少有一个。两个从句由一个从属连词(如which, who, although, despite, if, since等)连接起来。
My daughter, who was late for class, arrived shortly after the bell rang.
(我女儿上课迟到了,铃声响了一会才到。)
That's the man who bought our house.
(就是那个男人买下了我们的房子。)
Although it was difficult, the class passed the test with excellent marks.
(虽然难度很高,这个班级还是以高分通过了测试。)
4.Compound - Complex Sentences
4.并列复合句—主从复合句
Compound - complex sentences contain at least one dependent clause and more than one independent clause. The clauses are connected by both conjunctions (i.e., but, so, and, etc.) and subordinators (i.e., who, because, although, etc.)
并列复合句和主从复合句都含有一个或以上的独立的从句。从句由连词(如but, so, and等)和从属连词(如who, because, although等)
John, who briefly visited last month, won the prize, and he took a short vacation.
(上个月短暂地拜访的约翰,他得了奖,然后开始了短暂的假期。)
Jack forgot his friend's birthday, so he sent him a card when he finally remembered.
(杰克忘记了朋友的生日,等他最后想起来的时候,就送了一张卡片。)
The report which Tom compiled was presented to the board, but it was rejected because it was too complex.
(汤姆编辑的那份报告被提交到了董事会,但最终因为太复杂被打回来了。)
英语主谓宾定状补例句及划分
英语基本句型 1. 主语 ---谓语 It is raining . He laughed. 2. 主语--- 谓语---宾语 The children enjoy reading stories 3. 主语---谓语---表语 These roses look nice . 4. 主语---谓语----状语 He works hard 5 主语---谓语----宾语 --补语 He made his mother very happy. 个人观点
希望采纳
英语造句的方法和技巧视频
英语造句的方法和技巧有:掌握英语中句子的基本形式,所有其他的各类句子都是以此为基础变化而来,它们就如数学公式,由此进行扩充,可形成了干变万化的句子。最常用的5种基本句型如下:
句型1:S(主语)+V(系动词)+P(表语)
句型2:S(主语)+Vi.(不及物动词)
句型3:S(主语)+Vt(及物动词)+O(宾语)
句型4:S(主语)+Vt.(及物动词)+Oi(间接宾语+Od(直接宾语)
句型5:S(主语)+Vt(及物动词)+O+C(补足语)
英语造句的方法和技巧视频
英语造句的方法和技巧如下:
1、多辨析,勤模仿
造句这个技能在训练上,需要三个多,即:多听、多思、多模仿。多听,就是要让孩子多见识好词好句,孩子们通过大量的阅读,当然包括课本阅读和课外阅读,让他们能够凭借大脑的“模糊识别功能。
凭着语感去理解句子的意思、词语的含义。当我们要求他们造句时,他们才不会感觉到陌生而无从下手。
2、多理解词语,多积累词语
阅读是写作的基础,除了号召学生多读课外书,再就是好好钻研教科书了。于永正老师撰文曾写道”阅读不但能加深对学过的词语的理解,而且能够获取表达(包括口头表达、书面表达,当然也包括造句)的素材。这就是多读书的孩子造句难不倒他的原因所在。
作为教师,不可忽视对学生的这种功夫的训练,作为家长,也一定要注意从小处着眼,从根本入手,引导孩子在大量阅读的过程中,注意文本的遣词造句和精彩片段的积累,低年级孩子尤其要在对好的词语的积累上下功夫。
一般来说的好词语,都是在造句中充当着华彩意义的词语,就像是一首好的曲子的高潮部分一样,缺少了好词的修饰,句子再长再含义丰富那也无异于一杯白开水一般毫无味道。
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