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英语被动语态结构例句
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态.
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.巧记为:主动、主动、主去动.
例如:Many people speak English.
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的.
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.巧记为:被动、被动、主被动.例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者.
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式,是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构,从而是句法概念.所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子.
例如:He opened the door.他开了门.(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了.(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成.
一般现在时:am/is/are+taught
一般过去时:was/were+taught
一般将来时:will/shall be+taught
现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时:have/has been+taught
现在完成时:have/has been+taught
歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面.
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.
例如:
Some new puters were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了.(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年.
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者.
例如:the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的.
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的.
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证.
歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;
动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到.
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.例如:
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are madeby themin the factory.
歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟.
谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留.
歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留.例如:
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.
It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
这位朋友,以上是我为你解答的关于被动语态的语法详解及例句分析,希望是你满意答案.,9,
句子五种结构哪些可以变为被动语态
关键是看动词, 如果谓语动词是及物动词, 就可以变被动,,如果谓语动词是不及物,后面要跟宾语需要在宾语前加上介词,才可以变。 总之一句话, 有宾语的话, 句子就可以变成被动语态。
英语被动语态结构思维导图
被动语态的最基本构成是:be + done (动词的过去分词形式)
被动语态和时态是分不开的。很多时态都有其被动语态形式。
总结如下:
1) 一般现在时
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,其方法与名词单数变复数的方法相同。另外,be和have有特殊的人称形式,be在I后为am;在he,she,it后为is;在we,you,they后为are;have在第三人称单数后为has,在其他人称后仍为have。被动语态:be(am/is/are) + done (by)
主动语态:Everyone likes her.
被动语态:She is liked by everyone.
2) 现在进行时
现在进行时由“be(am/is/are) + 现在分词”构成,其否定式是在be后加not,疑问式是将be提前。
They are building a new school in our village.
She is cleaning the classroom.
被动语态:be(am/is/are) being done
A new school is being built in our village.
The classroom is being cleaned (by her).
3) 现在完成时
现在完成时由“have (has)+过去分词”构成。否定式在have (has) 后加not,疑问式将have (has) 提前。
They have built a new school in our village.
I have taught English for 20 years.
被动语态:have/has been + done
A new school has been built in our village.
4) 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由“have (has) +been + 现在分词”构成。
I have been teaching English for 20 years.
5) 一般过去时
由动词的过去式表示,其变化是在动词后加-ed,但英语中有大量动词的变化是不规则的,需特别记忆。
Tom broke the glass this morning.
被动语态:was/were + done
The glass was broken by Tom this morning.
c.f.: The glass was broken.(这只玻璃杯是破的。非被动语态)
6) 过去进行时
由“was (were) +现在分词”构成。第一人称单数和第三人称单数后用was,其他人称后用were。
He was watching TV when I came in. 我进来时他正在看电视。
被动语态:was/were + being + done
She said that the bicycle was being repaired by her father.
7) 过去完成时
过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成,主要表示过去某时或某一动作之前已经发生的动作,既表示“过去的过去”,常带有时间状语。
They had already left when we got to the station.
我们到达车站时他们已经离开了。
He said that he had bought a new car.
他说他买了一辆新车。
被动语态:had been done
She told me that the bicycle had been repaired by her
father. 她告诉我说自行车是她爸爸修的。
8) 过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时由“had been + 现在分词”构成,主要表示过去某时以前一直要进行的一个动作。
At last I got the letter I had been expecting.
最后我终于收到了我一直在期盼的那封信。
9) 一般将来时
主要由“will +动词原形”构成,第一人称后有时用shall。其否定式是在will后加not,缩写为won’t;疑问是将will提前。表示从现在看将要发生的动作或情况,通常带有表示将来的时间状语。其它表达方式有:be going to do; be to do; be about to do; be doing+将来时间;do+将来时间
He will come to see you tomorrow. 他明天将来看你。
They will build a new airport in Beijing.
被动语态:will be done
A new airport will be built in Beijing.
10) 将来进行时
将来进行时由“will (shall) be + 现在分词”构成,主要表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。
What will you be doing at 10:00 a.m. tomorrow?
I will be having a class this time tomorrow.
11) 将来完成时
将来完成时由“will (shall) have + 过去分词”构成。
By the end of this year, he will have worked here for ten
years. 到今年年底,他将在此工作满十年。
被动语态:will have been done
The work will have been finished by the time he comes.
12) 将来完成进行时
将来完成进行时由“will (shall) have been + 现在分词”构成,表示将来某时前一直进行的动作。
She will have been studying here for three years
in a month’s time (by the end of next month).
再过一个月她在这里学习就满三年了。
13) 过去将来时
过去将来时由“would + 动词原形”构成,表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的事情。例如:
He said he would join the English club.
他说他将加入英语俱乐部。
被动语态:would be done
My father told me that our car would be repaired
by a friend.
14) 过去将来进行时
过去将来进行时由“would be + 现在分词”构成,表示从过去某时看将来某时将正在进行的动作或预计要发生的动作。
She asked me what I would be doing that evening.
她问我那天晚上将干什么。
15) 过去将来完成时
由“would have + 过去分词”构成,表示从过去某时看来将来某时将已经完成的动作。
He told me that he would have finished his homework
by six o’clock.
他告诉我到六点钟时他就可以把作业作完。
I thought she would have told you about it.
我以为她会已经告诉你这件事了。
被动语态:would have been done
My sister told me that a new house would have been built by the time I went back home.
16) 过去将来完成进行时
由“would have been + 现在分词”构成,表示从过去某时看来未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。
He told me that he would have been teaching here
for ten years by July.
他告诉我到七月份他在这儿任教将满十年了。
以上是在小马过河看到的信息,没有列出被动语态的时态,如“完成进行时”,就是没有被动语态形式。
英语的被动语态结构be+过去分词
英语的被动语态结构如下:
(1)助动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
(2)情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
被动语态(Passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式
一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被""受""给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的过去分词,be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has)done,被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动,shall(will)be doing。现在完成时,被动 have(has)been done。现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。
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