本文目录
英语中没有被动语态的短语有哪些
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 中文Chinese是动词speak的承受者。 1. 定义： 被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。 2. 构成： be+past participle(过去分词)(简称P.P.)（+by+动作执行者）（过去分词的概念见上课） 3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语，主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不及物动词，但put out是及物动词 4. 应用到各种时态和句型, 如下： ① 一般式 （一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有，I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended （by me）. ②进行时 （现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned. ③ 完成时 （现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has been + P.P.：例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如：My homework has been finished. ④ 其他时态 依词类推，可得到结果。 ⑤ 情态动词的被动语态： 主语+ 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词，例如Your teeth must be brushed. ⑥ 不定式的被动语态： to be done例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。） Ⅱ、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况 ① 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有 let, make, have,和感官动词，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day. ② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等 ③ 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。 例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm. 在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。 ④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father. ⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。 ⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，如I shook my head.我摇摇头。 ⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语（与主句指同一人），动名词，动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,. ⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word. ⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(这个女孩说了晚安并且亲了他的男朋友） ⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动. 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。 某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等 一、 被动语态的用法： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态? 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤： 1. 先找出谓语动词； 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语； 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语； 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。 例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave. 三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
一般过去式的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态
被动语态
1.一般现在时 is\am\are+P.P(过去分词)
2.一般过去时 was\were+P.P
3.一般将来时 will be+P.P
4.现在进行时 is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P
5.过去进行时 was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P
6.现在完成时 have\has been+P.P
7.过去完成时 had been+P.P
情态动词
①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)
④具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to
定语从句
关系代词：who，whom，that，which，whose
关系代词：where=介词加which，when=介词加which，why=of which
as：such。。。as。。。 the same。。。。as
过去完成时
主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had
否定回答：No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）
高中英语被动语态语法填空
1． 被动语态的构成 由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。 注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如 be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。
如： My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。） The door is open．（门开了。）
2． 主动语态改被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如： He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．） Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．） 3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如： They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning． 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如： We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang． He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short． They told him to help me．→He was told to help me． 5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如： We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of． 6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如： People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）
3． 被动语态改为主动语态的方法： 被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如： History is made by the people．?The people make history．
4． 不能用于被动语态的情况 1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost， suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如： They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。 My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。 How much ／What does it cost？这值多少钱？ Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。 This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。 2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较： They arrived at a decision．?A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定。 They arrived at the station．他们到达车站。（不说：The station was arrived at．） He looked into the question．?The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题。 3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。如： The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路，撞上了树。 4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如： His new novel is selling well．他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well．这布很耐洗。 This material won't wear．这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戏剧不会上演。 The window won't shut．这窗关不上。The door won't open．这门打不开。 The door won't lock．这门锁不上。This poem reads well．这首诗读来很好。 5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。如： Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。 You're looking very unhappy?what's the matter？你看来很不高兴???怎么回事儿？ The soup tastes wonderful．这汤味道好极了。 Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好闻极了。 She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好。 6）宾语是不定式或动词的或-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。如： Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇见她。 Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。 7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。如： She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服。 We could hardly see each other in the fog．在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。 8）宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。如： They live a happy life．他们过着幸福的生活。 The girl dreamed a sweet dream ．那女孩做了个甜美的梦。 9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如： The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄断了。 The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩摇了摇头。
5． 某些动词的主动形式表被动含义 英语中有很多动词如act，break，catch，cut，clean，drive，draw， let，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外，像 owe，beat，cook，bake，print，build，make等，有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如： This kind of radio doesn't sell well．这种收音机不太畅销。 The shop opens at eight o'clock．这个商店八点开门。 The pipe does not draw well．这烟斗不太通畅。 These plays act wonderfully．这些剧演得好。 Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。 注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。如： The door won't lock．门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病） The door won't be locked．门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门） His novels sell easily．他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好） His novels are sold easily．他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大）
6．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义 1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如： The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。 My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。 2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如： The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）这本画册很值得一读。 Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。 This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）这个计划不值得考虑。 3）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义 a．当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant， interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如： Japanese is not difficult to learn．日语并不难学。（指日语被学） The water is unfit to drink．这水不适合喝。（指水被喝） The piece of music is pleasant to hear．这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听） This book is easy to read．这本书读起来很容易。（指书被读） b．当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如： I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作） He has three children to look after．他有三个孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看） 注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式，其含义有所区别。如： I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗） c．在there be．．．句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。如： There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作业要做。 There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）．有些衣服要洗。 4）由介词for，on，above，under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如： His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的油画作品明天下午展出。 5）表示感官意义的连系动词如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如： How nice the music sounds！这音乐听起来多悦耳！ Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口。 Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。在主动语态中,使让动词(make,have,let)和感官动词(see, look,watch,notice,listen,hear,feel,find)后必省略to,但在被动语态中必须加上to
例:在教室里我们听见他唱了这首歌
we heard him sing this song in the classroom.
he was heard to sing this song by us in the classroom.
关于被动语态的语法知识点梳理
被动语态 结构：be + done (动词的过去分词) 其中BE的时态体现了每种时态时态被动结构一般现在时Be(am/ is/ are) + done一般过去时Be(was/ were) + done情态动词can/ may/ should/ must be + done现在进行时be(am/ is/ are) being + done一般将来时will be + done现在完成时have/ has been +done过去将来时would be +done过去完成时had been + doneBe going to dobe going to be + done 被动语态 : 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。eg. He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 被动语态的句式变化： 以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。2、 当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。 The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如： The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。 其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有 It is reported that…据报道 It is said that…据说 It is believed that…大家相信 It is suggested that…有人建议 主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： （1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调者除外。如： They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。 Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成这项工作。 The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。 （2）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。2．一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。6．过去完成时(had been+done) They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。
以上就是关于被动语态语法笔记 ,英语中没有被动语态的短语有哪些的全部内容，以及被动语态语法笔记 的相关内容,希望能够帮到您。
