本文目录
从句引导词的用法
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which都是关系代词,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语等成分。现就该单元语法who,
whom,
whose,
that和which引导的限制性定语从句进行讲解。
一、who,
whom引导的定语从句
who和whom引导定语从句时,先行词必须是指人的名词或代词。who在从句中作主语或宾语等,口语中可用that代替who,作宾语时不能直接放在介词后面;whom在从句中作及物动词的宾语或介词宾语,口语中常可用who
/
that代替,也可省略;但在"介词+whom"引导定语从句时,不能用who
/
that代替,也不可省略,介词要依据从句中的谓语动词来确定。
二、whose引导的定语从句
关系代词whose是who的所有格形式,
既可指人也可指物,
whose后面应跟名词,
即"whose
+
n."引导定语从句,也可用"the+n.+of+which"代替,引导定语从句起修饰限制名词、充当定语的作用。
三、that引导的定语从句
a.
当先行词是指人或指物时,均可用关系代词that,指人可与who
/
whom互换,指物可与which互换,在从句中作主语或宾语等,作宾语时常省略。
b.
无论先行词是指人还是指物,that都不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。
四、which引导的定语从句
which引导定语从句时,其先行词通常指物,在句中作主语、宾语等,作宾语时常省略,也可跟在介词后面作介词宾语。
英语各种从句的引导词分别是什么
17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略.
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思. 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语.
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
17.2 名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句. That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义.名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气.
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去.
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他.
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安.
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴.
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败.
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事.
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
17.3 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句.Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词.Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人.
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲.
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖.
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位.
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字.
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来.
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请.
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿.
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作.
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明.
17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实.
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完.
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他.
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖.
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来.
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期.
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人.
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划.
17.5 否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式.
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你.
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来.
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移.
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧.
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面.
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去.
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气.
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定.
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人. (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人.
(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式.)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前.
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食.
宾语从句引导词及用法总结是什么
一、宾语从句:置于动词、介词等词性后面,在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句过"三关":时态,语序,连词。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句,有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二、宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词:who, whose, what ,which
副词:when ,where, how, why 等。
that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
扩展资料:
总结语法本身的规律也能加深我们对语言的理解,让我们能够真正熟练地运用语言。(宾语:指一个动作(动词)的接受者,常置于动词之后,也有双宾语结构例句:he gave me a book,类似拥有me和book两个宾语的句子叫双宾语句),在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子就叫做宾语从句。
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词、过去式、过去分词后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
参考资料来源:百度百科-宾语从句
以上就是关于各种从句的引导词及用法 ,从句引导词的用法的全部内容,以及各种从句的引导词及用法 的相关内容,希望能够帮到您。