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英语的倒装句结构是什么
构成:主语和谓语是句子的核心,它们之间有两种语序:主语在谓语之前称为自然语序(Natural Order);主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。而倒装语序中又有完全倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。
在现实的语言实践中,由于语法结构的要求,或是由于修辞的需要,往往要改变句子的自然语序,把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前,称这种语序的变化为“倒装语序”这样的倒装语序可能使句子的内在含义产生细微的、甚至明显的改变。
只有注意观察引起倒装的原因,才能更准确地理解句子的含义,为了使句子的某成分突出,我们还会使用强调,而倒装语序大多都用于强调。
倒装句是英语中常见的用法,意在说明被倒转部分的重要性,某些时候也起到强调作用或起到惊叹作用。英语倒装句可分为部分倒转和完全倒转,两种倒装句的用法大庭相径。
用法一:表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首用完全倒装。这种用法的倒转句,常见于口语对话中,英语书面语种较少出现这种用法。例句:here comes the bus(车到这来了),在这个例句中,主语“the bus”被后置,这就是为了强调车“来”的这一动作。
用法二:表语+连系动词+主语(表语是形容词、介词短语、动词ing形式、过去分词等)。这种用法的完全倒装句可用于口头表达,也可用于书面表达。例句:such are the facts ,no one can deny them(这就是事实,没有人可以否认),该例句强调事实的重要性。
英语倒装句怎么构成
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时.常见的结构有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run.
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词.
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装.
Here he comes. Away they went.
倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前.如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前.
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等.
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装.
注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装.
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题.当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构. 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等.本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个.
改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了.
以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置).这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等.
注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构.如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构.
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
so, neither, nor作部分倒装
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装.
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案:B. nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装.A错在用 don't 再次否定, C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词. D缺乏连词.
注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构.意为"的确如此".
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前).
注意:
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词.
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后.如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用.
其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装.
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装.
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题:
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首,要求用部分倒装的句子结构.
2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案为B.
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析:答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构,表示"也不".由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句,表示前一情况的重复出现.其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中.
英语的倒装句结构是什么
倒装语序分为全部倒装和部分倒装,全部倒装结构是谓语动词提前至主语之前,部分倒装结构是助动词或情态动词提至主语之前,而谓语动词位置不变。
具有“地点”意义的副词、时间意义的副词,以及能表移动方向的副词放在句首,句子的主语是名词,谓语是连系动词或表示“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时,该动词放在主语前面。
具有“方位”意义的介词短语或副词短语在句中作状语或表语放在句首,谓语是连系动词be,以及表示“位于、存在”或“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时,该动词放在主语前面。
一、全部倒装:
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装。
1、当首句为方位或时间副词,谓语动词为go,come等时通常用全部倒装。
2、如果句首出现了地点状语,句子也可以进行全部倒装。
3、当句子中出现分词结构的时候,可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首,把be动词留在中间当作谓语动词,主语放在后面。
二、部分倒装:
助动词或情态动词提至主语之前,谓语动词位置不变,即为部分倒装。
1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时,这个句子就需要部分倒装。
2、当句首为only加状语的时候,这个句子需要部分倒装。
3、so.....that结构中的so位于句首时,常引起部分倒装。
4、句子开头的as处在第二个单词的位置上,表示虽然的意思时,用部分倒装。
5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。
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