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现在分词作状语例句带翻译
分两部分(现在分词和过去分词)为楼主解读
1)【现在分词做状语】
现在分词短语可以用作状语,修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作.这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况,通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句.一般说来,这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语.下面分述如下:
一、作时间状语
如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生,分词用一般式,有时其前可以加上连词while或when.例如:
①Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.(=When they heard the news,they...)
听到这个消息时,他们都高兴得跳了起来.
②Walking slowly across the grass,he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.
他慢慢地走过草地,把枪对准狮子就射击了.
③One day,while walking along the sands towards his boat,Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man's foot.
有一天,克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时,在沙子里看见一个人的脚印.
如果现在分词的动作结束之后,谓语动词的动作才发生,现在分词应用完成式.这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性.如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是"某人在做某事时就开始做某事",容易产生误解.但是,如果现在分词是hear,see等表示感官的动词或是leave,arrive,turn,open等表示位置转换或情况改变的动词,现在分词所表示的动作发生后,主句的动作往往紧接着发生,那就不必用完成式,仍用一般式.例如:
①Having watered the flowers(=After/When he had watered the flowers),he began to cut the grass.
他把花浇好后,开始割草.
②Having eaten his dinner,the boy rushed out.
那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了.
③Hearing the footstep below(=When he heard the footstep below),he rose and went to the top of the stairs.
听见下面脚步声,他站起身来走到楼梯口去.
④Seeing a large cake flying through the air,the driver pulled up quickly.
司机看见一只大蛋糕在空中掠过,赶紧刹车.
二、作方式状语
现在分词作方式状语很容易与伴随状语、同位语、定语相混淆.试分析下列句子:
...But later,people developed a way of printing,using rocks.
……但是以后,人们利用石块发展了印刷术.
有人对该句using rocks提出了以下看法:
1)把它视作相当于一个非限制性定语从句.
2)把它视作a way of printing的同位语.
3)把它视作状语,表示伴随情况或方式.
笔者赞成第三种看法,表示方式状语(但不是伴随状语).因为句中using rocks表明人们用什么方法发明了一种印刷方法,是涉及到用how或by what means的回答问题,所以,如果把句中using前的逗号去掉,改为by,则句意保持不变.又如:
He earns a living by driving.他靠开卡车谋生.
They would be ableto reply to our signals by using similar methods.
他们将能用同样的方法回答我们的信号.
三、作目的状语例如:
①Pappy ran out to the gate and told him not to come fooling(=to fool)round there no more.
巴比跑到大门口去叫他不要再到这儿来游荡.(钱歌川,《英语疑难详解》P237)
②The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.(=in order to beg for a meal)六个瞎子站在那儿要饭.
四、作结果状语例如:
①I thought he was making fun of me,and ran faster than ever,reaching(=so that I reached)the school yard quite out of breath.
我想他在拿我开玩笑,就越发跑得快了,到达校园时已经上气不接下气.
②Her husband died ten years ago,leaving her with three children to look after.她丈夫十年前去世了,撇下她和三个孩子.
五、作伴随状语
伴随状语的特点是:它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的.例如:
①He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.
他坐在扶手椅里读报.
②All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题.
六、作原因状语
现在分词短语作原因状语,尤其是be,feel,know,recognize,fear等状态动词的现在分词(短语),以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时,通常表示
原因.例如:
①Being sick,I stayed at home.我因病呆在家中.
②Not knowing her address,I can't write to her.由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信.
③Not having done(=As he has not done)his homework,he stayed at home.
由于他没完成作业,只好呆在家里.
七、作条件状语例如:
Taking(=If you take)the path that leads out of the town,you will come to a dense wood.
如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进,就会走到一片密林处.
八、起补充说明作用
现在分词短语起补充说明的作用与伴随状语有些相似,但严格地说,它不是伴随状语,因为它所表达的情景不与句子的动作相伴而产生,实际上,它起着补充说明的作用,相当于一个并列分句,但比分句简洁、明快.例如:
①My train leaves at six,arriving in Chicago at ten.=...and will arrive in Chicago at ten.
②The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.=...and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.
2)【过去分词作状语】
过去分词作状语
过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等.
①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念.如:
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业.
②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句.如:
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争.
③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词.如:
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好.
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比,你应该更加努力学习英语.
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气.
④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句.如:
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗.
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究.
⑤表方式或伴随情况.如:
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间.
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题.
分词短语是什么
分词就是动词 ing或 ed的形成,称为现在分词和过去分词。既然分词是由动词变化而来,那么它就继承了动词原有的属性,即:可以带宾语或状语。这就构成了分词短语,分词也称为非谓语动词,不可以作谓语,但可以作定语,状语,补语,表语。
扩展资料
ing分词和ed分词的区别:
1.两种分词的主要区别
现在分词 -ing 有主动含义,或表示动作正在进行;过去分词 -ed 有被动含义,或表示动作已经完成。分词因都是由动词变来的,仍保留这动词的特性,可以带自己的宾语,也可以被状语修饰。
2.分词作定语、状语和复合宾语
作定语:一个独立的分词作定语,放在修饰的名词之前;而分词短语作定语,放在所修饰的名词之后。
例句:The baby has a running nose. 这个宝宝流鼻涕。
现在分词做下列动词的宾补。
例句:He kept me waiiting. 他让我一直在等。
现在分词作状语,描述动作发生的样子,分词本身和句子的主语之间,有主谓关系。
例句:She came running towards me. 她向我跑来。
过去分词作状语,也是描述动作发生的.样子,只不过去分词和主语之间是被动关系:
例句:Accompanied by his Dad, he visited his new teacher. 在父亲的陪伴下,他看望了自己的新老师。
过去分词作表语,放在系动词后面,要注意与被动语态的区别:“主系表”主要表示样子;被动语态表示动作。
现在分词短语作定语的例句
分词作定语目的是为了修饰主语的状态,现在分词说明主语和动作是主动关系,而过去分词说明是被动关系。例句:Holding three books, the teacher came in.老师手里拿着三本书进来了。
The teacher came in, followed by three students.老师进来了,后面跟着三个学生。
除此之外,现在分词作定语还可以表示结果,如 He left home, leaving the light on.他离开家时没关灯。
The boy running along the road is Tom,表示进行时,动词和主语是主谓关系。
The boy who is running along the road is Tom。
动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。例如:
The sleeping boy is Tom。
现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如 :
Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise。
扩展资料:
作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前。
分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一。
e.g. a running boy,the girl standing there。
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
e.g. a boy who is running,a girl who is standing there。
注意1:分词的完成时不可作定语
注意2:在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语,不用过去分词,这是考试的易错点。
注意3:某些现在分词作定语时,已不再表示动作,已经从分词变为了形容词词性,如interesting story,an exciting match。这些也可以属于现在分词作定语,但是不能转化为相应的定语从句,但是可以有三级变化(原级、比较级、最高级)和被某些副词如very修饰。
参考资料来源:百度百科-现在分词
用分词改写句子和分词短语改写句子
1,He rushing into the room,his face was covered with sweat.分词独立结构作状语2Having known she would soon get over it,we didn't worry too much.现在分词的完成式作原因状语。1.We were frightened by the explosion,so we telephoned the station at once.改为并列句2.After his homework had been finished ,she went out to visit one of her friends.改为含有时间状语从句的复合句
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