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动名词为什么不能做宾补
首先了解一下动名词与现在分词的区别:
动名词和现在分词都有动词的词义,但是动名词着重点在名词的意义,而现在分词着重点在动作,表示当时正在进行的一种的动作,如:
a swimming pool一个游泳池,着重点在游泳池的用途.此处为动名词.
a swimming boy一个正在游泳的男孩,着重点在动作.此处为现在分词.
一般说来,宾语补足语是指复合宾语的第二部分.复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语.
如果一个ing形式的宾语补足语,其着重点在名词词义,这就是一个由动名词作宾语补足语的形式.如:
we call this singing/swimming/painting.我们把这个叫做唱歌/游泳/绘画.
At the end of every party there is always a girl crying.每个聚会的结尾总有一个哭泣的女孩.
动名词做补语的句子
动名词作宾语的补语 —— 宾补
动名词作宾语的补语时,就像名词作宾补那样,用来表示宾语“是什么”。
We call the activity hiking.我们把这种活动叫做徒步旅行 hiking 说明宾语 activity 是什么)
动名词用作宾语的补语的情况并不多见。有两种情况很容易理解错误:
情况一:在“感觉动词”see, hear, feel, smell, watch, observe,
notice, discover, find, catch, show, look at, listen to 以及“使
役动词”let, make, have, get, set, keep, leave, want, start 等后
面的宾补,要求用分词(短语)—— 即 -ing 形式,但不是动名词。
She is listening to someone singing.
(她正在听人唱歌。)
They tried to have him talking. But no use.
(他们设法使他讲话,但没有用。)
I caught a student smoking in the classroom.
(我发觉一个学生在教室里吸烟。)
情况二:对于某些带有逻辑主语的动名词用作动词的宾语的情况,其逻辑主语
的形式一般应采用名词的所有格形式,但在非正式英语中往往用名词的宾格形式
代替,这种情况很容易被错误地看成宾语的补语。
Do you mind my making a suggestion?
(你不会介意我提个建议吧?)
在非正式英语中,这个句子往往可用下面的形式表达:
Do you mind me making a suggestion?
这个句型中的 me 往往容易被错误地看成是宾语,并把 making a suggestion
看成是 me 的补语。这种错误理解的情况,还会出现在带有逻辑主语的动名词用
作介词的宾语的时候,如:
例②:I'm annoyed about John's forgetting to pay.
(我对约翰忘记付款很生气。)
在非正式英语中,这个句子往往可用下面的形式表达:
I'm annoyed about John forgetting to pay.
这里的 John 也容易被误认是介词的宾语,forgetting to pay 却被看成是它
的补语。
动名词做宾补和分词做宾补 有什么区别举例说明
动名词不能作宾补,只能是现在分词作宾补.
例如:I saw him swimming in the river.
I heard her singing in the room
很高兴为你解答!
多谢你的问题!
动名词作宾补的例句
带to的不定式作宾补
a.可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask,tell,order,invite,beg, get,allow,wish,want,encourage,advise, warn等。例如:
The teacher asked us to finish our homework.老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
She wanted him to sing for her friends.她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
b.在动词think,believe,know,find, understand,take等之后,作宾补的不定式多由“to be +adj.”构成。例如:
They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.他们发现中国人都很幸福快乐。
He believed the earth to be a globe.他相信大地是个球体。
c.在某些短语后也可跟带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有:wait for,call on,depend on,care for,long for等。例如:
The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again.鳄鱼等着猴子再下来。
The chairman called on Mr Brown to speak.主席请布朗先生讲话。
I shouldn't care for that man to be my doctor.我不要那人给我看病。
不定式是非谓语动词的其中一种,原型是to do ,根据各种时态变化形式
三、不定式作宾补应注意的事项
能跟不定式作宾补的动词很多,如:see, have, advise, expect, get,invite, consider, find, prefer, feel, ask, for, call on, wait for…等等。大部分的动词或成语动词之后跟带to的不定式作宾补,但也有一些动词之后要求跟不带to的不定式作宾补。下面谈一些要求跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词。
1.这类动词有表示视觉、听觉和感觉的动词,如,see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel等。
(1) Did you see him steal the money?
(2) I haven’t noticed anyone go out.
(3) I’d like to look at (=watch) other people play basketball.
(4) I often hear her sing this song.
(5) She listened to someone call for help.
(6) Mary felt something crawl up her neck.
2.一些表示役使意义的动词,如have, make, let等。
(1) I would have Li Ming do the work.
(2) Her wonderful performance made all of us laugh.
(3) I’ll let someone find me a house to live in.
3.有时动词help的宾补既可以是带to的不定式亦可省略to,如,
I enjoy helping my mother (to) do housework.
4.上面所说的这些不带to的不定式做宾补,如改为被动语态就要用带to的不定式作主语补足语(略)。
5.一些表示心理状态语的动词,如: consider, think, believe, discover, judge, sup pose 等,其后的宾语补足语有“认为”、“判定”的意思,认为宾语是什么,有什么性质、特征或处于某种状态,这时宾补要用“to be …” 这种形式,“to be”亦可省略。如:
(1) He considered him (to be) innocent.
(2) We all thought John (to be) quite a foolish man.
(3) The judge judged her (to be) guilty.
6.regard, treat, recognize, look upon, think of, consider 等这些词有时跟as词组或介词词组作宾补,如:
(1) All the teachers regarded this as of great importance.
(2) I always look upon you as my best friend.
(3) Don’t take my good intentions for evil ones.
有时有多种形式,以consider为例:
I consider him to be an honest man.
I consider him as an honest man.
I consider him an honest man.
四、宾语补足语和先行宾语
1.在复合宾语中,如果宾语不是名词或带词,而是其它的形式,如不定式(a),-ing分词结构(b)或that分句,这时就要用先行宾语it来表示,而后将这些宾语移置宾补之后,如:
(1) it代替不定式或不定式的复合结构
We think it our duty to serve people heart and soul.
Do you believe it possible for us to land on the Mars one day?
I don’t consider it polite of you to play tricks on others.
例句附解析,讲解得已经很详细了,如还不太清楚以上句子中的宾补在哪,就追问吧。
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