本文目录
英语中现在分词的用法详解
(一)作定语
1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。例如:
The sleeping boy is Tom.
2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如 :
Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.
3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。例如:
Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如:
This is an English-speaking country.
(二)作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如:
The story is moving.
(三)现在分词在句中作宾语补足语,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如:
We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)
I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)
(四)作状语
现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。
1. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。例如:
Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.
2. 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。例如:
Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如:
While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
3. 作条件状语。
V-ing 形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:
Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.
4. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。例如:
Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
5. 作结果状语。例如:
He died, leaving nothing but debts.
6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如:
He sat by the roadside, begging.
(五) 现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如 :
Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.
(六) 现在分词的被动式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如:
The factory being built now is a big one.
(七) 现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如:
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
现代分词短语有哪些用法
1、分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
2、"while
(
when,
once,
until,
if
,
though等连词)+分词"结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when,
once,
although,
until,
if等连词。
3、分词作定语分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
4、分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see,
watch,
hear,
observe,
notice,
feel,
find,
glimpse,
glance等感官动词和look
at,
listen
to等短语动词以及have,
keep,
get,
catch,
leave,
set,
start,
send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。
5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。
现在分词的用法
1.作主语:通常被看作是单数不可数名词,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Driving fast is very dangerous.
Swimming is my favourite sport.
Painting is an art.
Hearing the bad news made him cry.
注意:现在分词作主语时,和动词不定式一样,当它是较长的短语时,常常用it作形式主语,而把现在分词放到句末。
如:It's nice spending the holiday at the beach.
It's tiring working late.
现在分词作主语时的常用句型:
a waste of time
no good/no use
It +be+ little/hardly any use + V-ing分词
not/hardly worth
worth/worthwhile
如:It's no use complaining.
It's no good smoking a lot.
It's a waste of time doing such a thing.
no
no sense in(没有道理)
There +be+ no point in(毫无意义) +V-ing分词
no use in
Nothing worse than(没有比...更糟糕的)
如:There was no knowing what he was doing.
There is no point (in) doing so.这么做,毫无意义。
经常跟在it +be后面的形容词,然后接动名词作实际主语的形容词还有:
Odd古怪的 Crazy疯狂的 Hopeless无望的 Nice
Funny好笑的 Foolish愚蠢的 interesting Tiring累人的
better terrible Enjoyable愉快的 Pointless无意义的
2作表语:-ing分词作表语多和系动词be连用。注意:如果主语用了不定式,表语也要用不定式;同样地,如果主语用的是-ing分词,表语也应用-ing分词。即,作主语和表语的动词在形式上的一致。
如:Seeing is believing=To see is to believe.
My favourite sport is swimming.
Her only hobby(爱好) is collecting stamps.
☆注意:现在分词作表语和动词不定式作表语的区别在于:现在分词表示习惯性动作;而不定式表示一次性的具体动作。
如:My plan is to finish my homework before tomorrow.
My favourite sport is swimming.
3. 作宾语
英语中,有相当一部分动词后,只能接-ing分词作宾语。
这类动词主要有:
Admit承认 advise Anticipate期望做。。 Detest憎恨做。。。
Defer推迟 suggest Escape逃避做。。 Quit停止做。。
Deny否认 Miss错过 Avoid避免做。。。 Tolerate忍受。。
现在分词的七种用法
1. 现在分词(短语)作表语
(1) 分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in..., 若人/ 物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb/sth is interesting。这类词常见的有:
interesting 使人感到高兴 — interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的— excited感到激动的
如:
Traveling is interesting but tiring.
旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
如果让学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
(2) 分词作表语时,相当于形容词,不可与构成进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式是一样但可以从意义上予以区别。试比较:
The film is moving.
这电影很感人。(表语,说明主语的性质)
They are moving next Sunday .
他们下个周日搬家。(现在进行时,表示动作)
2. 现在分词(短语)作定语
(1) 单个的现在分词作定语时通常前置。如:
I’m reading an interesting novel.
我在读一本非常有趣的小说。
(2) 现在分词短语作定语时通常后置,相当于一个定语从句。如:
Most of the young teachers working in the university are Ph.D. .
在这所大学工作的大多数年轻教师都是博士。(
3. 现在分词(短语)作状语
(1) 现在分词(短语)作时间状语
Walking along the street one day, sha saw a little girl running up to her.
(=when she was walking along the street one day .)
有一天当她正沿着大街向前走时,她看见一个小女孩朝她跑了过来。
现在分词(短语)作结果状语
Jane fell off the bike,cutting her leg.
简从自行车上摔下,划破了腿。
(4) 现在分词(短语)作条件状语
Working hard, you will succeed.
努力工作,你就会成功。
(5) 现在分词(短语)作让步状语
Such committees, being evenly balanced, almost never succeed in making unequivocal judgements.
这种委员会虽然代表性很均衡,但几乎从未做出十分明确的决断。
(6) 现在分词(短语)作方式状语
She came running back to tell usthe news
她跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。
(7) 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语
His wife came into the house carrying a bundle of clothes.
他妻子拿着一包衣服走进屋内。
Raymond entered college at the age of eighteen,graduating four years later at the head of his class.
雷蒙德18岁上大学,4年之后毕业时名列前茅。
(8) 现在分词(短语)在某些固定结构中作状语
① 现在分词(短语)在spend time / money / energy doing中作状语。如:
I wish you wouldn’t spend so much time watching television.
我希望你不要花这么多时间看电视。
4. 现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语
(1)现在分词(短语)在感官动词feel,hear,notice,observe,perceive,see,smell,watch,listen to,look at等之后作宾补。如:
I saw the naughty boy hitting the dog.
我看见那个顽皮孩子打狗。
One could hear her singing as she ran upstairs.
你可以听到她边唱歌边跑上楼。
We found him waiting to receive us.
我们发现他等着欢迎我们。
Many people observed the ship leaving the harbor.
许多人看到船驶离了港口。
(2) 现在分词(短语)在使役动词get,have 及bring(致使),keep(使),leave(使),send(使),set(使开始), start(使开始)等之后作宾补。如:
The doctor will soon have you walking about again.
医生将很快地使你能再走动。(have在此表示允诺)
I won’t have you shouting at me the way.
我不容许你这样对我喊叫。(have在此用于不允许)
The children kept the fire burning all the time.
孩子使火一直燃烧着。
(3) 现在分词(短语)在其他动词catch,detect,discover,find,want等之后作宾补。如:
The manager caught me smoking in the office again.
经理又抓住我在办公室抽烟了。
We don’t want you becoming too confident.
我不希望你变得太自信。
I found her reading in bed.
我发现她在床上看书。
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