本文目录
英语月份背后的故事
1
January 一月
January is named after the Roman god Janus, who presided over doors and beginnings – appropriately enough, for the beginning of the year (though this is, as you will discover, not as straightforward as it seems). Indeed, Janus was usually depicted with two faces looking backwards and forwards, as is often characteristic of a new year; this also gave rise to the term Janus word for words that have two opposite meanings.
January是以罗马神话中双面神杰纳斯(Janus)的名字命名的。他负责司守门户以及万物的始末——作为一年的开始,他很适合(尽管你会发现,其实并没有那么直观)。事实上,杰纳斯通常以双面孔示人,一面回顾过去,一面注视未来,而这经常被视为新的一年的特征;这也使得它的引申词组“Janus word”(双面词)表示兼有两种相反含义的词。
2
February 二月
February is ultimately based on Latin februarius, from februa. In case that’s not helped things become clearer, februa was the name of a purification feast held on the 15th of this month. February is a divisive issue in modern pronunciation, with both Feb-yoo-ary and Feb-roo-ary being commonly heard.
February由拉丁语“februa”的衍生词“februarius”演变而来。可能这样说并没有解释得很清楚,这里再补充一下:“februa”是这个月十五号举行的一场涤罪盛宴的名称。在现代英语中,人们对“February”的发音产生了分歧,最常听到的有两种,一种是“Feb-yoo-ary”,还有一种是“Feb-roo-ary”。
3
March 三月
Which god gets a planet and a month named after him? You’ve guessed it: Mars. Why him? As the Oxford English Dictionary notes, ‘In ancient Rome several festivals of Mars took place in March, presumably in preparation for the campaigning season, since Mars was a god of war.’
有哪位神的名字既是一个星球的名字,又是一个月份的名字呢?你们已经猜到了:马尔斯(Mars)。为什么是他?《牛津英语词典》上记载:“在古罗马时期,一些有关于马尔斯的节日都在三月举行,想必是为了战争时期做准备,因为马尔斯是一位战神。”
4
April 四月
We know that the English word April comes from the Latin Aprillis, the fourth month of the ancient Roman calendar, but things are less clear after that. In Old English, April was also sometimes called Eastermonab, ‘Easter month’.
我们知道英文词汇“April”来源于拉丁语“Aprillis”,是古罗马日历的第四个月,但除此之外,我们就不太清楚了。在古英语中,四月有时也被称为“Eastermonth”,即“复活月”。
5
May 五月
The month is connected with the goddess Maia. Perhaps less well known now than the other deities with months named after them, Maia (in Greek mythology) was daughter of Atlas and mother of Hermes. She was considered a nurturer and an earth goddess, which may explain the connection with this springtime month. Although may is a common modal verb, the month and the word are unrelated.
这个月与玛雅女神(the goddess Maia)有关。与其他神相比,也许玛雅并没有那么为人们所熟知,在希腊神话中,她是阿特拉(Atlas)之女,同时也是赫尔墨斯(Hermes)之母。她被誉为养育者和大地女神,这或许可以解释为什么它是属于春季的月份。尽管“may”经常被用作情态动词,但它与五月并没有关系。
6
June 六月
Having conceded one month to a Greek deity, we’re now back with the Romans: June is named after the ancient Roman goddess Juno, wife of Jupiter and goddess of marriage and childbirth. June was also once sometimes known as midsummer month.
前面已经有一个月是以希腊女神命名的了,现在我们再次回到罗马的神灵:六月是以古罗马女神朱诺(Juno)命名的。她是主神朱庇特(Jupiter)的妻子,是婚姻与分娩之神。六月也曾一度被认为是仲夏月。
7
July 七月
The first month in the calendar named after a real person, July was named in honour of Julius Caesar after his death in 44 BC, July being the month of his birth. Before it was renamed, the month was known as Quintilis (borrowed into English as Quintile), which means ‘fifth’. If you’ve been counting, you’ll know that July isn’t the fifth month: we’ll come on to that when we reach September and October.
July是日历中第一个以真实的人物命名的月份,七月的命名是为了纪念尤里乌斯•凯撒(Julius Caesar)。公元前44年,凯撒大帝去世,七月是他出生的月份。在更名之前,这个月叫做“Quintilis”(英语则为“Quintile”),意为“第五”。如果你数过了的话,你会发现七月并不是第五个月:这一点在说到九月和十月的时候我们会做出解释。
8
August 八月
Following suit, in 8 BC, the month Sextilis (‘sixth’) was renamed after Augustus, the first Roman emperor, who had died six years earlier. Augustus himself was given this title when he became emperor, having previously been known as Octavian. It came from the Latin augustus meaning ‘consecrated, venerable’ which gave rise to the English adjective august, ‘respected and impressive’.
同样地,在公元前8年,“Sextilis” (‘sixth’)这个月以古罗马第一位帝王奥古斯都(Augustus)来命名,他本人早于六年前去世。奥古斯都是他在成为帝王之时为自己改的名字,在这之前,他叫奥克塔维安(Octavian)。这个词来源于拉丁语“augustus”,意为“神圣的、值得尊敬的”,由此,august在做形容词时有“值得尊敬的”的意思。
9
September 九月
September follows on from Quinitlis and Sextilis, in that it comes from the Latin septem, ‘seven’. As with those (and the rest of the calendar), the numbering is a bit off now: September was originally the seventh month in an ancient Roman ten-month calendar, which started with March.
“September”排在“Quinitlis”和“Sextilis”之后,是因为它来源于拉丁语“septem”,在这里是指第七个月。到这里,这些月份(以及日历中其它月份)的排序方式就有点混乱了:在古罗马的十月制日历中,September是第七个月份,那个日历是从March开始的。
10
October 十月
More of the same: octo is the Latin for ‘eight’, for that ten month calendar. Two months were added to the end of the calendar year around 713 BC, and the beginning of the year was moved to 1 January in 153 BC.
同理,“octo”在拉丁语中是八的意思,因此在十月历中,它是指第八个月。在公元前713年左右,日历年的年底又加了两个月,公元前153年将一月一日作为一年的开始。
1
January 一月
January is named after the Roman god Janus, who presided over doors and beginnings – appropriately enough, for the beginning of the year (though this is, as you will discover, not as straightforward as it seems). Indeed, Janus was usually depicted with two faces looking backwards and forwards, as is often characteristic of a new year; this also gave rise to the term Janus word for words that have two opposite meanings.
January是以罗马神话中双面神杰纳斯(Janus)的名字命名的。他负责司守门户以及万物的始末——作为一年的开始,他很适合(尽管你会发现,其实并没有那么直观)。事实上,杰纳斯通常以双面孔示人,一面回顾过去,一面注视未来,而这经常被视为新的一年的特征;这也使得它的引申词组“Janus word”(双面词)表示兼有两种相反含义的词。
2
February 二月
February is ultimately based on Latin februarius, from februa. In case that’s not helped things become clearer, februa was the name of a purification feast held on the 15th of this month. February is a divisive issue in modern pronunciation, with both Feb-yoo-ary and Feb-roo-ary being commonly heard.
February由拉丁语“februa”的衍生词“februarius”演变而来。可能这样说并没有解释得很清楚,这里再补充一下:“februa”是这个月十五号举行的一场涤罪盛宴的名称。在现代英语中,人们对“February”的发音产生了分歧,最常听到的有两种,一种是“Feb-yoo-ary”,还有一种是“Feb-roo-ary”。
3
March 三月
Which god gets a planet and a month named after him? You’ve guessed it: Mars. Why him? As the Oxford English Dictionary notes, ‘In ancient Rome several festivals of Mars took place in March, presumably in preparation for the campaigning season, since Mars was a god of war.’
有哪位神的名字既是一个星球的名字,又是一个月份的名字呢?你们已经猜到了:马尔斯(Mars)。为什么是他?《牛津英语词典》上记载:“在古罗马时期,一些有关于马尔斯的节日都在三月举行,想必是为了战争时期做准备,因为马尔斯是一位战神。”
4
April 四月
We know that the English word April comes from the Latin Aprillis, the fourth month of the ancient Roman calendar, but things are less clear after that. In Old English, April was also sometimes called Eastermonab, ‘Easter month’.
我们知道英文词汇“April”来源于拉丁语“Aprillis”,是古罗马日历的第四个月,但除此之外,我们就不太清楚了。在古英语中,四月有时也被称为“Eastermonth”,即“复活月”。
5
May 五月
The month is connected with the goddess Maia. Perhaps less well known now than the other deities with months named after them, Maia (in Greek mythology) was daughter of Atlas and mother of Hermes. She was considered a nurturer and an earth goddess, which may explain the connection with this springtime month. Although may is a common modal verb, the month and the word are unrelated.
这个月与玛雅女神(the goddess Maia)有关。与其他神相比,也许玛雅并没有那么为人们所熟知,在希腊神话中,她是阿特拉(Atlas)之女,同时也是赫尔墨斯(Hermes)之母。她被誉为养育者和大地女神,这或许可以解释为什么它是属于春季的月份。尽管“may”经常被用作情态动词,但它与五月并没有关系。
6
June 六月
Having conceded one month to a Greek deity, we’re now back with the Romans: June is named after the ancient Roman goddess Juno, wife of Jupiter and goddess of marriage and childbirth. June was also once sometimes known as midsummer month.
前面已经有一个月是以希腊女神命名的了,现在我们再次回到罗马的神灵:六月是以古罗马女神朱诺(Juno)命名的。她是主神朱庇特(Jupiter)的妻子,是婚姻与分娩之神。六月也曾一度被认为是仲夏月。
7
July 七月
The first month in the calendar named after a real person, July was named in honour of Julius Caesar after his death in 44 BC, July being the month of his birth. Before it was renamed, the month was known as Quintilis (borrowed into English as Quintile), which means ‘fifth’. If you’ve been counting, you’ll know that July isn’t the fifth month: we’ll come on to that when we reach September and October.
July是日历中第一个以真实的人物命名的月份,七月的命名是为了纪念尤里乌斯•凯撒(Julius Caesar)。公元前44年,凯撒大帝去世,七月是他出生的月份。在更名之前,这个月叫做“Quintilis”(英语则为“Quintile”),意为“第五”。如果你数过了的话,你会发现七月并不是第五个月:这一点在说到九月和十月的时候我们会做出解释。
8
August 八月
Following suit, in 8 BC, the month Sextilis (‘sixth’) was renamed after Augustus, the first Roman emperor, who had died six years earlier. Augustus himself was given this title when he became emperor, having previously been known as Octavian. It came from the Latin augustus meaning ‘consecrated, venerable’ which gave rise to the English adjective august, ‘respected and impressive’.
同样地,在公元前8年,“Sextilis” (‘sixth’)这个月以古罗马第一位帝王奥古斯都(Augustus)来命名,他本人早于六年前去世。奥古斯都是他在成为帝王之时为自己改的名字,在这之前,他叫奥克塔维安(Octavian)。这个词来源于拉丁语“augustus”,意为“神圣的、值得尊敬的”,由此,august在做形容词时有“值得尊敬的”的意思。
9
September 九月
September follows on from Quinitlis and Sextilis, in that it comes from the Latin septem, ‘seven’. As with those (and the rest of the calendar), the numbering is a bit off now: September was originally the seventh month in an ancient Roman ten-month calendar, which started with March.
“September”排在“Quinitlis”和“Sextilis”之后,是因为它来源于拉丁语“septem”,在这里是指第七个月。到这里,这些月份(以及日历中其它月份)的排序方式就有点混乱了:在古罗马的十月制日历中,September是第七个月份,那个日历是从March开始的。
10
October 十月
More of the same: octo is the Latin for ‘eight’, for that ten month calendar. Two months were added to the end of the calendar year around 713 BC, and the beginning of the year was moved to 1 January in 153 BC.
同理,“octo”在拉丁语中是八的意思,因此在十月历中,它是指第八个月。在公元前713年左右,日历年的年底又加了两个月,公元前153年将一月一日作为一年的开始。
英文12个月的故事
公历一年有12个月,但不少人并不知道12 个月的英语名称的来历。公历起源于古罗马历法。罗马的英语原来只有10 个月,古罗马皇帝决定增加两个月放在年尾,后来朱里斯*凯撒大帝把这两个月移到年初,成为1月.2月,原来的1月.2月便成了3月.4月,依次类推。这就是今天世界沿用的公历。
January——1月
在罗马传说中,有一位名叫雅努斯的守护神,生有先后两副脸,一副回顾过去,一副要眺望未来。人们认为选择他的名字作为除旧迎新的第一个月月名,很有意义。英语January,便是由这位守护神的拉丁文名字January演变而来的。
February——2月
每年2 月初,罗马人民都要杀牲饮酒,欢庆菲勃卢姆节。这一天,人们常用一种牛、草制成的名叫Februa的鞭子,抽打不育的妇女,以求怀孕生子。这一天,人们还要忏悔自己过去一年的罪过,洗刷自己的灵魂,求得神明的饶恕,使自己成为一个贞洁的人。英语2月February,便是由拉丁文Februar-ius(即菲勃卢姆节)演变而来。
March-----3月
3月,原是罗马旧历法的1 月,新年的开始。凯撒大帝改革历法后,原来的1月变成3月,但罗马人仍然把3 月看做是一年的开始。另外,按照传统习惯,3月是每年出征远战的季节。为了纪念战神玛尔斯,人们便把这位战神的拉丁名字作为3月的月名。英语3月March,便是由这位战神的名字演变而来的。
April——4月
罗马的4月,正是大地回春.鲜花初绽的美好季节。英文4月April便由拉丁文April(即开花的日子)演变而来。
May——5月
罗马神话中的女神玛雅,专门司管春天和生命。为了纪念这位女神,罗马人便用她的名字——拉丁文Maius命名5月,英文5月May便由这位女神的名字演变而来。
June——6月
罗马神话中的裘诺,是众神之王,又是司管生育和保护妇女的神。古罗马对她十分崇 敬,便把6月奉献给她,以她的名字——拉丁文Junius来命名6 月。英语6月June便由这位女神的名字演变而来。也有学者认为,Junius可能是个代拉丁家族中一个显赫贵族的姓氏。
July——7月
罗马统治者朱里斯*凯撒大帝被刺死后,著名的罗马将军马克按东尼建议将凯撒大帝诞生的7月,用凯撒的名字——拉丁文Julius(即朱里斯)命名之。这一建议得到了元老院的通过。英语7月July由此演变而来。
August——8月
朱里斯*凯撒死后,由他的甥孙屋大维续任罗马皇帝。为了和凯撒齐名,他也想用自己的名字来命名一个月份。他的生日在9月,但他选定8月。因为他登基后,罗马元老院在8 月授予他Augustus(奥古斯都)的尊号。于是,他决定用这个尊号来命名8月。原来8月比7月少一天,为了和凯撒平起平坐,他又决定从2月中抽出一天加在8月上。从此,2月便少了一天。英语8月August便由这位皇帝的拉丁语尊号演变而来。
September——9月
老历法的7月,正是凯撒大帝改革历法后的9月,拉丁文Septem是“7”月的意思。虽然历法改革了,但人们仍袭用旧名称来称呼9月。英语9月September,便由 此演变而来。
October——10月
英语10月,来自拉丁文Octo,即“8”的意思。它和上面讲的9月一样,历法改了,称呼仍然沿用未变。
November——11月
罗马皇帝奥古斯都和凯撒都有了自己名字命名的月份,罗马市民和元老院要求当时的罗马皇帝梯比里乌斯用其名命名11月。但梯比里乌斯没有同意,他明智地对大家说,如果罗马每个皇帝都用自己的名字来命名月份,那么出现了第13个皇帝怎么办?于是,11月仍然保留着旧称Novem,即拉丁文“9”的意思。英语11月November便由此演变而来。
December——12月
罗马皇帝琉西乌斯要把一年中最后一个月用他情妇的Amagonius的名字来命名,但遭但元老院的反对。于是,12月仍然沿用旧名Decem,即拉丁文“10”的意思。英语12月December,便由此演变而来。
奥古斯都的英文翻译是什么意思
奥古斯都的英文翻译是什么?Augustus / Augusto
历史
作者:约翰R•亚历山大
不像其他多数现代职业,会计的出现是一段常常为人津津乐道的历史、一个具有深远影响力的历史事件——即复式记账法的发明与传播。但是,综观起源于卢卡•帕乔利这一贡献(指复试记账法的创始)的会计历史,我们往往忽视了记账系统在古代和中世纪的长期演变过程。
一个更为基本的问题是:为什么我们要如此关注会计的历史?诚然,对这段历史一简单的回顾,有助于我们在总体上把握过去;并且这也是使历史故事生趣盎然的蜿蜒曲折之路。但是,一个最具说服力的原因也许是:这样做(指关注会计的历史)有助于解释会计职业在世界范围内所享有的欣欣向荣的景象。在大约150年前,第一批皇家会计执照被授予爱丁堡社会学院的会计师们。
在1904年,即会计作为正式职业登上历史舞台的50年之后,大约有6000名从业人员持有有证会计师的头衔。1957年,则共有38,690名有证和注册会计师(他们是苏格兰人、不列颠人和爱尔兰人)。当今,仅英格兰和威尔士职业会计师学院,就拥有来自世界范围内的120,000名学员,更不用说出自加拿大、新西兰、爱尔兰、澳大利亚、苏格兰、南非等各国的联合会计学院的众多会计从业人员。上述国家会计从业人员,再加上美国的注册公共会计师,组成了一张世界范围内的、巨大的职业会计网络,主要由少数几家全球性大型会计事务所掌控。
这一相对新型职业是如何发以及为什么会发展起来?它的发展史是一部人类的商业发展史,更基础一点讲,甚至是一部人类的书写史,及数字与计算的应用史。
有人认为,会计的发展纯粹为了适应时代的需要,这是由环境和社会需求的变化所引起的。另有人则认为,会计学的发展本身推动着商业的发展,因为只有通过使用精确的记账方法,现代商业才得以发展、繁荣及满足商人和公众的需求。总之,会计史为整个经济和商业史点亮一盏明灯,并且随着全球商业化步伐的加快,有助于我们更好的去预测美好的未来。
在古代,(构成近代会计的)多数成分就已经存在,但是,直到中世纪,它们才被整合成一门学科,并形成一股强势以促使人们去革新复式记账。例如,书写(记录)和人类文明自身一样古老,但是算法——对数字符号系统的操作——并未真正成为古人所掌握的工具。而且,在金融交易中,持续使用罗马数字很长一段时间之后,才引入阿拉伯数字,这似乎阻碍了早期复式记账系统的创建。
然而,古代人在金融交易的记录、核对和查证中所碰到的问题,并不完全不同于当今。特别是各政府,都有很强的动机去记录各种收入和支出——特别是关于税收的记录。在任何崇尚个人积累财富的社会里,富人阶层渴望有一套审计体系,去记录奴隶及受资产管理委托的雇员的诚实度和技能。
但是由于上述的先辈们缺少复式记账,这使得古代会计师的工作异常艰难。几乎处处都是文盲、书写材料十分昂贵、计数手段困难重重和金融体系又不协调,在这样的社会里,交易过程中,保持账目记录的公平性显得尤为重要。
在复式记账法出现前的大约5,000年里,亚述文明、古巴比伦文明和苏美尔文明都曾经在美索不达亚河流域繁荣过,在这里出现了一些古老的商业记录方式。该地区界于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河流域间,现今,绝大部分在伊拉克境内,周期性的洪水,使得该流域非常富饶,适合农业耕作。
随着农业的兴旺,服务性商业和小手工业也在该地及美索不达亚河流域周边地区发展起来了。巴比伦和尼尼微等城市已成为区域性商业中心,古巴比论语也成为整个中东地区的政治和贸易用语。在美索不达亚地区,曾经出现过多家投资银行、采用金和银的标准度量、甚至在一些交易中触及到了现代信贷制度。
在这期间(一直持续到公元前500年),苏美尔........3.一个迷路的精灵,他送了我一个装满幸福的宝盒,开启的瞬间幸福洒向正在看短信的您,愿您及家人永远幸福、天天快乐!
杰克伦敦的短篇小说有哪些
英文是《The Leopard Man's Story》
三十年代上海导演之孙瑜翻译过这个短篇小说,名字是《豢豹人的故事》
The "Leopard Man", a saddened leopard trainer who bore visible scars on his arms and whose personality diametrically opposed his daring profession, tells a tale of a "lion-tamer who was hated by another man" to the narrator. The unnamed man, who hated the lion-tamer, attended every performance in hopes of watching the lion crunch down on his tamer during his "big play", sticking his head in the lion's mouth. Finally, one day he witnessed it.
After pointing out the patience of such a task, the Leopard Man jumped to a story about De Ville, a small "sword-swallowing and juggling Frenchman" known for his quick temper. De Ville struck fear in all but one, 'King' Wallace, a lion-tamer known for sticking his head in the lion's mouth. One day, De Ville caught Wallace looking at Madame de Ville, his wife. Despite warnings about De Ville's temperament, Wallace, while feeling belligerent one day, pushed De Ville's head into a paste bucket. Calm, De Ville cleaned himself off and nothing transpired between the two for several months.
At a San Francisco show, the Leopard Man, looking for his pocket-knife, oversaw Wallace and the rest of the tent occupiers, except for De Ville who glared with hatred at Wallace, watching a quarrel between some trapeze artists. Still watching the events, the Leopard Man noticed De Ville, with his handkerchief drawn, walk past Wallace and feign wiping sweat off his face.
During his performance, Wallace cracked his whip and put his head inside the mouth of Augustus, his preferred lion. With Wallace's head in his mouth, Augustus' jaws clamped together. After the event, the Leopard Man went over to smell Wallace's head and sneezed. De Ville had placed snuff in his hair; Augustus had sneezed.
以上就是关于Augustus的故事英文版 ,英语月份背后的故事的全部内容,以及Augustus的故事英文版 的相关内容,希望能够帮到您。