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初中宾语从句的时态专项训练
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。即从句可用所需的任何时态
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
3.当宾语从句为客观真理时,用一般现在时态,不受主句时态的限制。
4.当主句为 Could you (please) tell us-----?时,只表示语气,而不表示过去时态
初中英语宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态
(1) 若主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句根据句子的意义使用需要的时态。如:
We don’t know who has broken the window. But we will find out who has done that.
Please tell me where we will go.
(2) 若主句是一般过去时,宾语从句要用相应的某种过去时态,如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。如:
He said: I’m a student. ----- He said that he was a student.
The teacher asked: What is Mike doing? ----- The teacher asked what Mike was doing.
(3) 若宾语从句叙述的是客观真理或永恒不变的规律,则应采用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制。如: Our teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
返回:初中英语知识点详解——宾语从句篇
初中英语语法知识点总结:接动名词作宾语的动词
接动名词作宾语的动词
【速记口诀】
Mrs.P Black missed a beef bag.
【妙语诠释】
该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语,这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是:
M=mind,r=risk,s=succeedin,P=practice,B=bebusy,l=lookforwardto,a=admit,c=can’thelp,k=keepon,m=miss,i=insiston,s=suggest,s=stop,e=enjoy,d=delay,a=avoid,b=beworth,a=advise,g=giveup。
初中英语语法知识点总结:宾语从句用法
宾语从句用法
【速记口诀】
宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。
【妙语诠释】
宾语从句应注意三点:①引导词,陈述句一般由that引导,这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whe-ther引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。②时态,主句是现在时态,从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态,从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。③语序,宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。
一.宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词: that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词: who, whose, what ,which
副词: when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句
1.在带to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there.
2.在介词的后面
例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
3.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
4.直接与or not连用时
例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1.if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
3.引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时
例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
初中英语语法 攻克宾语从句的三大秘笈
秘笈一:引导词
宾语从句的引导词常常有以下三种:由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为that,that在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为句子本身的`特殊疑问词,即what,when,where等。如:
I think(that)he will come here by train. 我认为他会坐火车来这儿的。
He asked me if / whether I know his new address. 他问我是否知道他的新地址。
I want to know when you got back home yesterday. 我想知道你昨天什么时候到家的。
秘笈二:语序
宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说,将疑问句转化成宾语从句时,一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。如:
Can you tell me what he will do tomorrow? 你能告诉我他明天将要做什么吗?
注:当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时,语序不变。如:
Do you know what makes him so excited? 你知道什么事使他如此兴奋吗?
I don’t know what is wrong with him. 我不知道他出什么事了。
秘笈三:时态
主句为一般现在时态,则宾语从句根据实际情况用任意的时态;但主句为一般过去时态时,宾语从句则要用过去的相对应的某种时态。例如:
She tells me that she will come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。
She told me that she would come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。
注:如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实,其谓语动词仍用一般现在时态。如:
Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.
老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。
初中英语语法 宾语从句中的从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。 如:
She found that the wallet was lying on the ground.
→She found the wallet lying on the ground.
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。 如:
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。 如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the station? →Can you tell me how to get to the station?
初中英语宾语从句知识点总结
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。下面是我整理的初中英语宾语从句知识点,欢迎大家分享。
一.宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if 。代词:who, whose, what ,which 。副词:when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句:I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
例句:I can't tell him that his mother died.
注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的'宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的t宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是"是否"。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句
1在带to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there.
1在介词的后面 例句:I'm thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
2在动词后面的宾语从句 例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
3直接与or not连用时 例句:I can't say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1if引导条件状语从句,意为"如果" 例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句:He asked if I didn't come to school yesterday.
3引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时 例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。
例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下:1 I don't know what they are looking for. 2 Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3 Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四.宾语从句的时态
1主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.
3 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五.宾语从句的特点
1宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。
4whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
5如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.
英语语法宾语从句细解
介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神舟6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
宾语从句句式
一、概念
宾语从句的宾语部分中有一个从句充当宾语。
二、可接宾语从句的动词
say 、tell 、think、 know、 see、 hear、 hope、 guess、 find、 feel 等,或由形容词构成的系表结构,如:afraid、 sure、 glad、 sorry等
三、宾语从句的标点符号。
宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句,如果主句是陈述句,句尾用句号;如果主句是疑问句,句尾用问号。
四、引导词。
1、that (从句是陈述句时,引导词用that ,它本身无词义,不充当成分,在口语中可省略,但在正式场合不可省。)
2、if或whether (从句是一般疑问句时用if 或whether ,含义是“是否”。)
if、whether 一般情况下可以互换,但在构成whether…or not 句式只用whether
3、连接代词、连接副词(从句是特殊疑问句时用)
连接代词(what、 which、 who、 whose )
连接副词(when、 where、 how 、why )
五、宾语从句的同义句转换。
在宾语从句中经常会出现“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构,它可与“疑问词+主语+情态动词+动词原形”进行同义句转换。
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?
Can you tell me how to get to the station?
六、宾语从句的语序。
宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序(即正常的主谓语序)
He says that Jim will miss a lot of lessons .
He asked whether we should hold a sports meeting .
Do you know what the population of Dalian is ?
七、宾语从句的时态。
1、主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要选用任何时态。
He says that he is good at English
He says that he has been ill for two days
I don’t know if he will come tomorrow
2、主句是一般过去时,从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态。(即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等)
He asked me where I lived
He said that she had been ill for two days
She said that she would return soon
3、当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时,从句时态不受主句的影响,都用一般现在时。
The teacher said “light travels faster than sound”
He said that the earth is round
特例:Could you tell me …委婉的语气,常按照一般现在时处理。
Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is ?
八、语从句的从句中不再有助动词。即一般现在时的助动词do ,does ,一般过去时的助动词did.
Do you like speaking English ?He wants to know .(改为宾语从句)
He wants to know if you like speaking English
九、如果简单句变成了宾语从句,那么其谓语动词要相应的变化。常见的一般过去时的动词应用过去式;一般现在时的如果主语是第三人称单数的,动词要用单三形式,如果主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形;其他时态变成相应的时态的结构即可。
十、宾语从句变否定句。
如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时,并且谓语动词多为think、guess、believe等表示心理活动的词时,变否定句要否定转移,即否定主句。否则,变否定句看从句。
I think chicken can swim (变否定句)
I don’t think chicken can swim
He said that he would go shopping(变否定句) ……
He said that he would not go shopping
十一、宾语从句变反意疑问句
如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或we时,变反意疑问句时看从句。如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。
I think he is a good student ,isn’t he ?
They want to know if he is a good student , don’t they ?
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