动词不定式笔记初中 ,初中动词不定式讲解与练习

一说起动词不定式笔记初中 网上众说纷纭，有必要科普一下，动词不定式详细讲解和求初中英语动词不定式to的用法动词不定式笔记初中 的内容，好让您知道初中动词不定式讲解与练习,一起来看看吧。

动词不定式笔记初中 ：初中英语动词不定式to的用法

动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如:
无论是形式主语,还是形式宾语,都要用it,不能用其他词。切记!
1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each
challenge... (p.8)
it是形式主语,真正的主语是文中的划线部分。
2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.
(p.16)
3.How to make requests politely is important.(p.93)
划线部分看成三单形式。
二、用作表语
动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如:
为什么大家写不出长句子?没有大量的积累。多背诵,多思考。
1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.
(p.7)
2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96)
三、用作宾语
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:
要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),
期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),
宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),
希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。
如:
1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.(p.50)
3)Id love to visit Mexico.(p.53)
2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach,
tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。如:
1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?(p.92)
2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32)
3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find
/ make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如:
这个知识点是重点,大家要记住。这样的句子在作文中是提分点。写出复杂的语法,让阅卷人眼前一亮。加分!!!
I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98)
4.既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like,
love等。一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程,v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。如:
1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.(p.6)
2)I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. (p.116)
begin用了进行时态,后面只接不定式作宾语,表示事情刚开始,还要继续下去。
3)I like to eat vegetables. (p.118)
感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。
5.后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget,
remember等。后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接v-ing形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事,to
do是目的状语;stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing是宾语。try to do尽力做,try doing试试看;go on to
do接着做另外的事,go on doing继续做原来的事。如:
1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107)
2)I stopped using them last year. (p.121)
四、用作定语
1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时,用动词不定式的主动式。如:
1)I have so many chores to do today.(p.112)
2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. (p.31)
3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to
watch.(p.75)
也就是说,动词不定式可以做定语。
2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时,
如:1)He needs time to do homework.(p.19)
2)Is that a good place to hang out?(p.88)
3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.(p.127)
3.在“there be...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象,常用主动式。如:
1)There’s just so much to see and do here.(p.49)
2)... but there are still many things to do there.(p.54)
五、用作补语
动词不定式作补语时,在主动语态句里补宾语,在被动语态句里补主语,句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。

动词不定式笔记初中 ：动词不定式

动词不定式的用法

在初中时，我们就学过动词不定式，现就其用法归纳如下。
动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如：
To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.
也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。例如：
It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.
动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：
1. It is＋adj./ n. (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋ to do sth.
用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如：
It is interesting to play this game.
It is necessary for you to change your job.
It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.
考例1：Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET)
A. now B. man C. that D. it
用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：
What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film.
It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old.
2. It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.
该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如：
How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.
How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！
3. It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth.
该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如：
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.
二、作表语
动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is…及The next step/ measure is …等。例如：
Your job is to type the papers in the office.
The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.
三、作宾语
常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。 例如：They decided to build a highway between these two cities.
She offered to help me when I was in trouble.
believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如：
I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.
She felt it her duty to help the old woman.
四、作宾补
可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。例如：
The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar.
I wish you to go to the meeting with me.
believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后可接to be型不定式作宾补。例如：
He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生。
The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷。
hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如：
【误】I hope my son to be back soon.
【正】I hope my son will be back soon.
【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.
【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.
【正】She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.
在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如：
Who made him work all night long?
但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。例如：
He was seen to break the window.
五、作定语
动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。例如：
Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后)
下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。例如：
But she gave up the chance to go abroad.
由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?
六、作状语
动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如：
We went there to see our grandparents.（目的）
I am very sorry to hear that.（原因）
She hurried home only to find her father dead.（结果）
To look at the picture, you would like it.（条件）
作目的状语，还可以使用in order to或so as to。例如：
The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.
结果状语还可以使用enough to, too…to…, so…as to, such… as to等结构。例如：
He got up too late to miss the early bus.
She was in such a hurry as not to notice me. 她如此匆忙，以致没有注意到我。
hope it can help you!

动词不定式笔记初中 ：动词不定式详细讲解

解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语
在中学教科书中，动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点；在历年高考中，动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一；在学生的学习实践中，动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一。为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识，下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳。
I. 不定式作主语
1. 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如：
It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。
It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。
2. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同：前者作主语时，常表示某一次具体的动作；而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如：
To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。
Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。
简析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth.
当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth."。例如：
It's very kind / nice of you to help me。感谢你的帮助。
当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时，应使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth."。例如：
It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。
[高考题例]
1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.
A. for B. of C. about D. from
II. 不定式作宾语
1. 学习不定式作宾语时，要注意掌握四种动词：
1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。
3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，且没有大的区别的动词。常见动词有： start, begin, continue等。
4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，但意思不同的动词。常见动词及短语有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。例如：
Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去时请记住要锁门。
I don't remember lending you any money. 我不记得借过钱给你。
I regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话，我本不该说那些话。
I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过驾驶测试。
The minister went on talking for two hours. 部长的讲话持续了两个小时。
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 讨论完经济，部长接着谈论外交政策。
2. 动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后置。例如：
I don't think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。
I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。
3. "疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式"常常用作动词或介词的宾语。例如：
I don't know where to spend my holiday. 我不知该去哪儿度假。
Have you decided when to marry?你决定什么时候结婚了吗？
[高考题例]
3. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
4. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
5. -I usually go there by train.
-Why not ________ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
6. -Was the test difficult?
-Not at all. We found ________ .
A. it very easy for doing
B. very easy to do it
C. it very easy to do
D. it very easy to do it
7. -Do you know Mr. Smith?
-Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.
A. us B. it C. him D. you
8. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
9. Last summer I took a course on ________ .
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
10. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
III. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语时，应注意使用不定式的正确形式。请看下列句子：
I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要(自己)做。
I have a lot of work to be done today. 我今天有很多工作要(别人)做。
Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗？
Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗？
简析：当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
IV. 不定式作状语
1. 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
[高考题例]
11. To be a great scientist, ________ .
A. maths is very important
B. maths is more important than other subjects
C. one must understand maths
D. maths is important to be understood
2. "主语+系动词+形容词+ to do sth."句式中，当形容词说明主语具有某种特征时，不定式不使用被动式。例如：
The naughty boy is hard to deal with.那个顽皮的男孩很难对付。
[高考题例]
12. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
Key:
1-5 CBAAD 6-10 CBDAC 11-12 CB

动词不定式笔记初中 ：初中动词不定式讲解与练习

一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语
　　1．To learn a foreign language is not easy.
　　 It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
　　2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast.
　　二、作表语
　　My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打电话。
　　如果主语部分含实义动词do，且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容，这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如：All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。
　　三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。
　　He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。
　　四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。
　　I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。
　　五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。
　　She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。
　　六、如果宾语太长，可用it作形式宾语，构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。
　　I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。
　　七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。
　　Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。
　　I’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。
　　八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。
　　I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。
　　此时，如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。
　　We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间。
　　九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。
　　He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个到，最后一个走。
　　十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。
　　We have no time to go to town today. 今天我们没有时间去城里。
　　十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。
　　I’m glad to meet you. 见到你，我很高兴。
　　They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他们跑过来欢迎外宾。
　　十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。
　　It’s for her to decide. 这得由她来决定。（表语）
　　There are many books for you to read. 这有许多书供你阅读。（定语）
　　The book ids too difficult for children to read. 这本书太难了，孩子们看不懂。（结果状语）
　　不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：
　　It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.
　　当上面的形容词指的是to do sth的性质时，用介词for。
　　It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。（游泳这件事情危险）
　　当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, careless
　　It was careless of you to do that. 你这么做真粗心。（你这个人粗心）
　　十三、动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不能带to, 即常见的形式为: hear sb do sth等
　　Many people like to watch others play games. 许多人喜欢看别人玩游戏.
　　十四、let, make, have后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 也不能带to; help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, to可有可无
　　She let us meet her at the station, but she didn’t come. 她让我们去车站迎接她,卡她没有来.
　　十五、十三和十四这两种情况下的动词不定式在改被动语态句子时,必须将省略的to还原,也就是说,动词后需跟带to的动词不定式.
　　We heard him sing every day.
　　He was heard to sing every day. 那时每天都听到他唱歌.
　　十六、跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order, teach, tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like等
　　形式为: ask sb to do sth
　　Would you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜访他?
　　I would prefer you not to come tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天不要来.
　　He ask the driver to stop the motobike. 他要那位司机拦下那辆摩托车.
　　十七、区别下列词组的不同含义:
　　①like to do sth
　　like doing sth
　　②stop to do sth
　　stop doing sth
　　③remember to do sth
　　remember doing sth
　　④forget to do sth
　　forget doing sth
　　十八、It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间干某事.
　　It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小时做回家作业.
　　It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书.
　　It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母亲花了一个半小时干家务.
　　用汉字表述上面的句型为:It + take + 人 + 一段时间 + to do sth.
　　一段时间形式往往为像这样的例子:fifteen minutes15分钟,an hour一个小时, two days两天, half a month半个月,a year and a half一年半...等等
　　十九、不定式的特殊句型too…to…
　　①too…to　 太…以至于…
　　　　He is too excited to speak.
　　　　他太激动了，说不出话来。
　　　 ---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
　　　 ---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.　不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
　　②如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。
　　　 It's never too late to mend.　(谚语)
　　　　　改过不嫌晚。
　　③当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
　　　 I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
　　　 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
　　二十、不定式的特殊句型Why not
　　　 "Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"例如：
　 Why not take a holiday?
　　　　干吗不去度假?

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