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上海市虹口区钟山初级中学初三的动词不定式ppt
这个还真的没有
可能要问任课老师索取下吧
我这里手头有点，看看能帮上忙不？
动词不定式
一 概说
动词不定式是英语中非限定/非谓语动词的一种形式。非限定动词与限定动词不同。限定动词在句子当中用作谓语，受主语的人称、数的影响和限制。例如：
1) I put my book down and I looked out of the window.
2) Once a police officer was taking a thief to a city from a small town.
3) I’ll go and get some water for you.
4) You must wait right here.
5) Have you ever seen the film?
6) The film was directed by Zhang Yimou.
7) She goes to school every day.
8) They are too far away from us.
非限定动词在句中不可以单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，但在句中可以做其他成分。
二、动词不定式的形式和性质
不定式有两种形式：一种是带to的不定式，一种是不带to的不定式（即通常所说的动词原形）。动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加上not --- not (to) do 。
三、动词不定式的功用
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等句子成分。
一）可以作主语
1) To see is to believe.
2) To run in the morning is good for our health.
3) It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.
4) How long does it take you to get there?
It takes us an hour to get there.
5) How much did it cost you to send the package?
It cost me 20 yuan to send the package.
注意：动词不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，而往往将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后。如： It's not easy for them to learn a foreign language =To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学好一门外语不容易。在此句型中，如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for 引起的短语，作不定式的逻辑主语。如：
1）It's difficult for us to finish the work.
2）It's easy for me to answer your question. 3) It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully in class.
但是，如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite, rude, good, bad 等描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加一个of 引起的短语。如：
这个例子属于上面的换一个of引起的。
1) It's very kind of you to help me.你能帮我，真好。
2) It’s very rude of her to say such words.
注意: 1. of sb.和for sb.这两种结构还有一个区别，在of sb.结构中，可用sb.直接作句子的主语来改写成“It's＋形容词＋of sb.＋动词不定式”结构。试比较：
It's foolish of him to go alone. (=He was foolish to go alone.) 他单独出去太傻了。
It's kind of you to give me the book. (=You are kind to give me the book.) 你给我这本书，真是太好了。
for sb.结构则不能这样转换。例如，不可以说：We are difficult to
finish the work.
疑问代(副)词+动词不定式”也可以在句中作主语。如：
1) How to control the water
pollution is a big problem. 如何控制水污染是一个大问题。
2) When to start the project
remains undecided. 什么时候开始这项工程仍然没有决定。
3) How to do it/what to do is a big problem for us.
二）. 作宾语
动词不定式作宾语.即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,是谓语动词涉及的直接对象. 能直接带不定式作宾语的及物动词主要有: want, like, love, need , try, ask, learn, begin, start, forget, remember, hope, wish, agree, choose, fail, refuse, decide, afford, offer, continue
make sure, take turns, prefer
would like, plan, hate, pretend, happen, expect 等.
1) Danny wants to write a limerick for Li Ming.
2) I liked to play basketball.
3) He refused to answer my questions.
4) I decided to write about nature.
注意：上列所给出动词有些既可以跟to do作宾语，也可以跟doing作宾语，而且意义基本一致。如：like to do/doing, love to do/doing, hate to do/doing, start to do/doing, begin to do/doing, prefer to do/doing, continue to do/doing
I like/prefer swimming in summer but this summer I like/prefer to stay at home.
但是在英语中，还有一些动词也是既可以跟to do，也可以跟doing，但是意义变化非常大。例如：stop to do/doing，forget to do/doing， remember to do/doing，
go on to do/doing ，try to do/doing
**另外，有时不定式宾语后面还带有补足语等其他成分时，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后。例如，在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
1) I found it easy to learn
English.
I found (that) it was easy to
learn English.
Did you find _____ easy to learn English?
it , it is, it was
2) I feel it natural to speak to a foreigner in English.
I feel (that) it is natural to speak to foreigner in English
三）. 作宾语补足语 宾语补足语放在宾语的后面，补充说明宾语在干什么能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask sb (not) to do, tell, get, order , advise, would like, want, teach, allow, encourage, warn, wish.
1) I tell him not to go there by bus ．
2) Edison's mother taught him to read and write．
3) The old man asked us to visit his house last Sunday.
3) Our teachers always encourage us to work hard.
还有一类动词也可以跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，但是省略了动词不定式符号 to. 例如：let sb (not) do, make, help，have，see，hear，feel，watch， notice
1) The boss makes them work 16 hours a day．
2) I heard her sing in the next room yesterday．
提示：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。
如： 1) They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss．
2) She was heard to sing in the next room．
四） 作定语 放在被修饰的名词、代词后面
1) I have a lot of work to do．
2) The doctor said he could do
nothing to help the boy．
3) Poetry is a beautiful way to express feelings and thoughts.
4) We need a park to play
soccer.
5) There is nothing to be
worried about.
6) He was the first person to think of the idea.
7) She was the first woman in the Olympics to win both medals.
提示：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如：
1）I have a small bedroom to
live in.
2) Have you got some pens to
write with？
3) I need a friend to talk to.
4) She is a nice person to
work with/get on well with.
五）. 动词不定式作状语: 即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用.如果没有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不像作宾语那样,与谓语动词有着密切的关系.
1）表示目的
1）The doctor came to operate on her.
2) He has gone to town to
do some shopping.
6) To learn English, Ms. Liu went to London.
4) He stopped to have a look.
5) He rushed into the room to save the girl.
7) They moved away the stone
to let the traffic go.
*2表示结果:
1) The girl cried only to make her mother angry.
3) They arrived late only to
find the train had left.
3表示程度:
1) She is too tired to walk any farther.
2) She is strong enough to carry the heavy box.
4表示原因: I was surprised to read the news.
提示：能带不定式作状语的形容词有: glad , happy , pleased , angry , clever , careful , surprised , lucky ,ready ,sorry, amazed , afraid ,sad , unhappy , sure , free ,kind, nice , worried , easy , hard
1）Glad to meet you.
2) He is sure to come.
5) We are getting ready to have a long trip next Friday.
4) We are afraid to leave alone at night.
6) The girl is not easy to get
along with.
7) Be careful not to catch a
cold.
六 作表语:
My job is to teach English.
His wish is to become a scientist.
They are to fly to Wuhan this Sunday.
七. 动词不定式和疑问词连用.动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which , how , when , where ,who等连用,构成不定式短语,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分.这时往往可以扩写成一个从句
1) How to use the computer is a question.= How we use the computer is a question.
2) I don’t know where to go for my holiday =I don’t know where I can go for my holiday.
3) He can’t decide which book to choose.= He can’t decide which book he can choose.
4) I don’t know what I should do next=I don’t know what to do next.
8) Tell me how to do it= Tell me how I should do it.
八. 用在某些特定的结构中
1) She was too young to understand that
2) We had enough food to last a week.
3) Let’s walk faster so as to catch the bus
4) We went by car in order to save time
练习：Tell the function of the infinitive in the following sentences(说出不定
式下列各句中的作用)
1 .To learn grammar is not an easy thing.
2.Uncle Tom decided to give Mary a bicycle
3 .He wants everybody to be happy.
4 .I like to walk along the sea-shore.
I like you to work hard.
5 .Let’s join them in the game•
6.Nancy felt her heart beat with excitement.
7 .I hope to see them again.
8 .Your job is to dry the dishes.
9. Mother went to town to do some shopping
10 .I’11 teach you how to do the job.
12 . She was glad to see us back.
13 .The best thing is to say nothing.
14 .We have come to help you.
15 .Give me something to read.
16 .It gave me great pleasure to see their happy faces.
II .underline the object of the verbs in the following sentences(找出下列各句中的宾语)
1 .They considered it better not to go.
2 .She felt it her duty to take care of the children
3 .I thought it unnecessary to argue with him.
4 .He made it a rule only to speak English in class
5 .He thinks it important to help his friends.
6 .I find it hard to get on with her.
tepptation
tepptation不知道是什么东西,确定没有打错么.
the tepptation to steal is greater than ever before.=the tepptation which is / that is to steal is greater than ever before.
句子的主干是the tepptation is greater than ever before 那个……比以往任何时候都要大
现在这里the tepptation to steal =the tepptation which is / that is to steal
动词不定式形式是to do sth.
这里用动词steal的不定式,即 to steal 来作为定语,修饰前面的那个tepptation,表示是用于干……的那个tepptation, 要……的那个tepptation
动词不定式可以作为定语,来修饰前面的先行词的,如the pen to get is here 要拿的那个笔在这里
至于ever before一般是出现在比较级中 sth. is adj的比较级 than ever before
表示 ：比以往任何时候都要……, 程度比单单的before要加重了点~
动词不定式做定语
高中英语动词不定式课件
动词不定式概述
一 不定式的体
1. 不定式的一般式(to do)表示不定式的.动作将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生.
2 不定式的进行体(to be doing)表示不定式的动作正在发生.
不定式的完成体(to have done)表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生.
二 不定式的逻辑主语
1 不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中.
2 句子的主语,宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语.
3 不定式前"for+名词/代词"结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的;逻辑主语.
4 在"It+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+to do"结构中,名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语.该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质.例如:kind, good, nice, bad, cruel, honest, bold, thoughtful, right, wrong, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude等.
例如:It's very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference.
三 不定式的否定式
不定式否定式由not/never +to do构成
四 不定式的句法功能
1 不定式做主语
1)To say something is one thing; to do it is another.
2)It is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth's plates join together.
注:充当主语的不定式即可置于句首,位于谓语动词之前,也可作为句子的真正主语置于句末,用作形式主语.
2 不定式作表语
3)Her uncle seems to be acting rather strangely towards her these days.
4)The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a "Dingo".
5)One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the number of their cattle.
注:充当表语的不定式一般位于be ,seem等系动词后.
3 不定式作宾语
6)Shylock agreed to lend Antonio money on one condition.
注:充当宾语的不定式位于及物动词后.常用不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, plan, determine, dare, refuse, hope, wish, expect, promise, choose, pretend, decide, manage, intend, offer, afford, demand.
7)The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space.
注:充当宾语的不定式如果有自己的表语,则可用代替只个不定式作为形式宾语,而作为真正宾语的不定式则放在表语之后.以it作为形式宾语的这种结构常用在think, feel, find, make, consider等动词之后.
big and strong.
4 不定式作宾语补足语
8)The powder made from fish, blood and bones will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.
9)Portia told Bassanio to go to his friend at once.
注:在下列动词后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to.这些动词是observe, notice, see, hear, watch, have, feel, make, let.但上述动词转换为被动语态时,其后的不定式须带to.例如:The cabbage plants will be made to grow
动词不定式(todo)是初中英语课的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆：
一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中用做多种句子成分。
1、主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。
例：Togoinforsportshelpsyou
stayfit.(book4，L28)Ithelpsyoustayfittogoinforsports.Itisdangeroustoswiminthedeepseaonyourown.
注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出，逻辑主语由of引出时，表语的形容词为kind，nice，good，polite，clever，foolish，right，wrong等表示
评价的形容词。例：It’srightofhimtorefusethe
invitation.(him为逻辑主语)
2、表语：Ourdutyistoprotecttheenviroment.
3、动词宾语：此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
例：wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle.(book4，L11)
和plan用法一样的词还有：start，want，agree，hope，begin，decide等。
Ifounditverydifficulttogeta
job.(it为形式宾语)4、宾语补足语：(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：例：Iaskedafriendtoreadittome.(book4，L2)(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词
(see，watch，hear，feel，notice，observe，
make，let，have，help等)后不带to。例：Theyheardhimsingapopsonginthemeetingroom.
5、定语：动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。
例：Vinnyisthefirstdisabledper鄄sontosailaroundtheworld.(book4，
L1)6、形容词补足语：在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。
例：Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.
7、状语：表示目的、原因、程度等。
例：Theybroughtinphotosoftheir
familiesformetolookat.(book4，L2)
8、“疑问词＋不定式”用法：不定式前可带what，who，which，where，when，how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。
例：Hedidn’ttellmewheretogo.9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”
例：Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.
解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语
在中学教科书中，动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点；在历年高考中，动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一；在学生的学习实践中，动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一。为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识，下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳。
I. 不定式作主语
1. 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如：
It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。
It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。
2. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同：前者作主语时，常表示某一次具体的动作；而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如：
To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。
Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。
简析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth.
当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth."。例如：
It's very kind / nice of you to help me。感谢你的帮助。
当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时，应使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth."。例如：
It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。
[高考题例]
1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.
A. for B. of C. about D. from
II. 不定式作宾语
1. 学习不定式作宾语时，要注意掌握四种动词：
1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。
3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，且没有大的区别的动词。常见动词有： start, begin, continue等。
4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，但意思不同的动词。常见动词及短语有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。例如：
Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去时请记住要锁门。
I don't remember lending you any money. 我不记得借过钱给你。
I regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话，我本不该说那些话。
I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过驾驶测试。
The minister went on talking for two hours. 部长的讲话持续了两个小时。
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 讨论完经济，部长接着谈论外交政策。
2. 动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后置。例如：
I don't think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。
I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。
3. "疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式"常常用作动词或介词的宾语。例如：
I don't know where to spend my holiday. 我不知该去哪儿度假。
Have you decided when to marry?你决定什么时候结婚了吗？
[高考题例]
3. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
4. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
5. -I usually go there by train.
-Why not ________ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
6. -Was the test difficult?
-Not at all. We found ________ .
A. it very easy for doing
B. very easy to do it
C. it very easy to do
D. it very easy to do it
7. -Do you know Mr. Smith?
-Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.
A. us B. it C. him D. you
8. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
9. Last summer I took a course on ________ .
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
10. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
III. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语时，应注意使用不定式的正确形式。请看下列句子：
I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要(自己)做。
I have a lot of work to be done today. 我今天有很多工作要(别人)做。
Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗？
Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗？
简析：当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
IV. 不定式作状语
1. 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
[高考题例]
11. To be a great scientist, ________ .
A. maths is very important
B. maths is more important than other subjects
C. one must understand maths
D. maths is important to be understood
2. "主语+系动词+形容词+ to do sth."句式中，当形容词说明主语具有某种特征时，不定式不使用被动式。例如：
The naughty boy is hard to deal with.那个顽皮的男孩很难对付。
[高考题例]
12. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
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