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同位语的四种表达形式
同位语的四种形式主要有:名词及其短语(有时有逗号隔开),动名词短语(有逗号隔开),不定式短语(有时有逗号隔开),形容词及其短语(有逗号隔开)。
1、名词及其短语(有时有逗号隔开)
George Bush,the present American president,was the governor of the state of Texas.
现任美国总统乔治布什是德克萨斯州州长。
2、动名词短语(有逗号隔开)
He enjoys the exercise,swimming in winter.
他喜欢运动,冬天游泳。
3、不定式短语(有时有逗号隔开)
There is one thing he’ll never do—tell lies.
有一件事他永远不会做,就是说谎。
4、形容词及其短语(有逗号隔开)
All the countries,big or small,are equal.
所有的国家,无论大小,都是平等的。
同位语可分两种:限制性的和非限制性的,不好理解可以不管它。就是一种同位语与它前面的词关系密切,中间没有逗号(有时也用破折号);另一种同位语与它前面的词关系疏远,往往中间加个逗点。例如:
Mickey Mouse first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie.
米老鼠首次出现在卡通片《威利号汽船》中。Steamboat Willie就是cartoon的同位语,关系紧密。
Walt Disney, an rich and successful businessman, created the famous cartoon character----Mickney Mouse. 瓦尔特 迪士尼,一个富有而成功的商人,创造出了这个的卡通形象----米老鼠。
an rich and successful man 是主语Walt Disney的同位语,句子中有没有它,无所谓,不影响理解。而且“瓦尔特 迪士尼”是个“富有而成功的商人”,反过来,“一个富有而成功的商人”可不就是“瓦尔特 迪士尼”。
英语同位语有哪几种类型表达
同位语的构成
1.名词及其短语(有时有逗号隔开)
A.George Bush,the present American president,was the governor of the state of Texas.
B.I want very much to read these new novels,especially the one you mentioned.
2.动名词短语(有逗号隔开)
A.He enjoys the exercise,swimming in winter.
B.Asking him to join us,that's a good idea.
3.不定式短语(有时有逗号隔开)
A.There is one thing he'll never do—tell lies.
B.The question what to do next hasn't been considered.
4.形容词及其短语(有逗号隔开)
A.He,short and thin,is unfit for the job.
B.All the countries,big or small,are equal.
5.介词短语(有时有逗号隔开)
As the head of the company,he had to explain what had happened.
=He,the head of the company,had to ex- plain what had happened.
6.名词性从句(其前面的先行词一般都带有定冠词the)。这样的先行词有fact,news,truth,knowledge, idea,hope,question,problem,assumption等。例如:
A.You have yet to answer my question whether you can lend me your bike.
B.They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30kilometers away.
什么是同位语从句?
同位语:一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
our new teacher是主词Mr. Smith的同位语,指同一人。
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。
2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
himself和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。
3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。
同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意;观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令), suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面。例如: He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意: that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句,其区别在于:同位语从句由连接词that引导,连接词that本身无意义,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他词替代;定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分,作宾语时可省略,由when, why, where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于: 同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用,没有指代作用; 定语从句由关系副词引导,关系副词具有指代先行词的作用,常用一个介词加关系代词替换。例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. (同位语从句, when为连接词) That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. (定语从句,which/that为关系副词) This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. (同位语从句, where为连接词) This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. (定语从句,where为关系副词)
同位语的四种表达形式
1、名词及其短语(有时有逗号隔开)
George Bush,the present American president,was the governor of the state of Texas。
现任美国总统乔治布什是德克萨斯州州长
2、动名词短语(有逗号隔开)
He enjoys the exercise,swimming in winter。
他喜欢运动,冬天游泳
3、不定式短语(有时有逗号隔开)
There is one thing he’ll never do—tell lies。
有一件事他永远不会做,就是说谎
4、形容词及其短语(有逗号隔开)
All the countries,big or small,are equal。
所有的国家,无论大小,都是平等的
主要句型:
1、限定词the + 名词 + of + 名词。此时,of是同位语的引导词,本身没有意义。of后面的名词是其前名词的同位语。
The city of Newcastle lies at the mouth of Newcastle river。
纽卡斯尔城纽卡斯尔位于纽卡斯尔河口。
2、不定冠词a(an) + 表示面积、长(宽、高、温、……)度、比例的名词+of+数字。of后面的词是其前名词的同位语。
Belgium has an area of 11,778 square miles。
比利时面积有一万一千七百七十八平方英里。
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