定从是英语语法中的一种从句,关系代词和关系副词在其中起重要作用。关系代词包括"who","whom","which","whose"和"that",在定从中指代先行词并充当各种成分。关系副词如"when","where"和"why"在定从中指示时间、地点、原因等关系。理解和掌握这些知识点对英语学习者来说非常重要。
关系代词
关系代词在定从中指代先行词,并在定从中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。常用的关系代词有:
- who: 指代人,作主语或宾语,如The man who is standing over there is my boss.(那边站着的男人是我的老板。)
- whom: 指代人,作宾语,如The girl whom I met yesterday is a student.(我昨天遇见的女孩是一名学生。)
- which: 指代物,作主语或宾语,如The book which you borrowed from me is very interesting.(你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。)
- whose: 指代人或物,作定语修饰名词,如The woman whose car was stolen called the police.(那个车被盗的女人报了警。)
- that: 指代人或物,作主语或宾语,如The teacher that I talked to is very kind.(我和那个老师说话了,他非常友好。)
关系副词
关系副词也在定从中起到连接作用,但是它们指示的是时间、地点、原因等关系,常用的关系副词有:
- when: 指示时间关系,如The day when we met was very sunny.(我们相遇的那天阳光很好。)
- where: 指示地点关系,如The place where we had dinner was very crowded.(我们吃晚饭的地方非常拥挤。)
- why: 指示原因关系,如The reason why I didn't go was because I was sick.(我没去的原因是我生病了。)