在英语定语从句中,引导词如who、whom、that、which、whose、when和where可以在特定情况下省略。当who、whom作宾语时,可以省略;当which、that作主语或宾语时,可以省略;而whose省略较少见。when和where在修饰时间或地点时,也可以省略。这些规则有助于更好地理解和运用定语从句。
1. 关系代词who, whom, that的省略
当关系代词who或whom在定语从句中作宾语时,它们可以被省略掉,而that则不能被省略。例如:
- The man who(m) I met yesterday is a doctor. (我昨天遇到的那个人是一名医生。)
- The book that I read last week was very interesting. (我上周读的那本书非常有趣。)
2. 关系代词which, that的省略
当关系代词which或that在定语从句中作主语时,它们也可以被省略掉。例如:
- The car (which/that) I bought last year is very expensive. (我去年买的那辆车非常贵。)
- The movie (which/that) we watched last night was really good. (我们昨晚看的那部电影非常好。)
需要注意的是,当which或that在从句中作宾语时,它们不能被省略。
3. 关系代词whose的省略
关系代词whose表示“……的”,在定语从句中修饰名词或代词的所有格形式,它的省略比较少见。例如:
- The woman whose car was stolen reported it to the police. (那位车被盗的女士向警方报案了。)
4. 关系代词when, where的省略
关系代词when表示“……的时候”,where表示“……的地方”,它们在定语从句中修饰时间或地点,有时也可以被省略。例如:
- The day (when) we met was a sunny day. (我们相遇的那天是个晴天。)
- The hotel (where) we stayed was very comfortable. (我们住的那家酒店非常舒适。)