宾语从句在英语语法中扮演重要角色,可作为主语、宾语或表语出现。作为主语时,通常以“that”或“whether”开头;作为宾语时,常以“that”、“if”、“whether”等词引导;作为表语时,通常以“that”、“whether”或“if”引导。掌握宾语从句的功能和用法有助于更好地理解和运用英语。
1. 作主语
宾语从句有时可以作为主语出现在句子中,这种情况下宾语从句通常以“that”或“whether”开头。例如:
- That she is a famous singer is known to all.(她是一位著名歌手这一事实为所有人所知。)
- Whether he will come or not remains unknown.(他是否会来还未知晓。)
2. 作宾语
宾语从句最常见的功能就是作为主句的宾语,这种情况下宾语从句通常以“that”、“if”、“whether”、“who”、“whom”、“whose”、“what”、“where”、“when”或“why”等单词引导,例如:
- I know that he is a doctor.(我知道他是一位医生。)
- She asked if/whether I had finished my homework.(她问我是否已经做完作业。)
- Do you know who/whom she is talking to?(你知道她在跟谁说话吗?)
- I don't know what he is doing now.(我不知道他现在在做什么。)
- Tell me where you are going.(告诉我你要去哪里。)
- He asked me when I would come back.(他问我什么时候回来。)
- I don't understand why he is so angry.(我不明白他为什么那么生气。)
3. 作表语
在某些情况下,宾语从句还可以作为主句的表语,这种情况下宾语从句通常以“that”、“whether”或“if”引导,例如:
- The problem is that we don't have enough money.(问题在于我们没有足够的钱。)
- The fact is whether he will come or not.(事实是他是否会来。)
- The question is if/whether we can finish the project on time.(问题是我们能否按时完成这个项目。)