在句子中,定语从句可以修饰名词或代词,起到进一步说明、限制、修饰的作用:
定语从句的构成
定语从句由关系词引导,包括who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。
例如:
- This is the boy who helped me yesterday. (关系词who在定语从句中作主语)
- That is the book which I borrowed from the library. (关系词which在定语从句中作宾语)
定语从句的种类
- 限制性定语从句:在句子中起到限制作用,去掉定语从句整个句子的意思也会发生改变。限制性定语从句通常用that或者省略关系词。
- 非限制性定语从句:在句子中起到补充说明作用,去掉定语从句整个句子的意思不会发生改变。非限制性定语从句通常用which或其他关系词。
例如:
- The girl who is wearing a blue dress is my sister. (限制性定语从句,去掉定语从句整个句子的意思就变了)
- My sister, who is wearing a blue dress, is very beautiful. (非限制性定语从句,去掉定语从句整个句子的意思不会变)
定语从句的位置
定语从句通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。但是,当被修饰的名词或代词是人称代词he, she, it, they时,定语从句可以放在句首。
例如:
- The book that I read yesterday is very interesting. (定语从句放在名词book之后)
- He who works hard will succeed. (定语从句放在人称代词he之后)