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非谓语动词是指不具备时态和人称特征,不能独立作为句子谓语的动词形式。在英语语法中,非谓语动词分为三种类型:动词不定式、动名词和分词。
动词不定式
动词不定式是以 to + 动词原形组成的动词形式,可以作为名词、形容词或副词的补语,也可以作主语、宾语和表语。例如,下面的句子中的动词不定式分别作为了主语和表语:
- To learn English well is important.
- His dream is to travel around the world.
动名词
动名词是以 -ing 结尾的动词形式,可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。例如,下面的句子中的动名词分别作为了主语、宾语和定语:
- Swimming is my favorite sport.
- I enjoy reading books.
- The running water is very relaxing.
分词
分词有两种形式:现在分词(-ing 结尾)和过去分词(-ed 或不规则形式),可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。例如,下面的句子中的分词分别作为了主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语:
- Running is good for your health. (现在分词作主语)
- I saw him walking in the park. (现在分词作宾语)
- He is excited about the job offer. (过去分词作表语)
- The book written by Mark Twain is very popular. (过去分词作定语)
- She arrived at the airport, exhausted from the long flight. (现在分词作状语)
以上是非谓语动词的三种类型及其用法,希望能帮助大家更好地理解和掌握英语语法知识。