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英语定语从句是英语语法中比较常见的一种从句,它通常用来对主句中的名词或代词进行进一步的描述和限定。下面将详细讲解英语定语从句的构成、用法及注意事项。
构成
英语定语从句由关系词引导,关系词通常有that, which, who, whom, whose等。例如:
- The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.
- This is the book that I borrowed from the library.
- The teacher whose class I attend is very knowledgeable.
在定语从句中,关系词在从句中充当着句子成分的作用,例如:
- who/that作主语:The person who/that called me yesterday is my friend.
- whom/that作宾语:The man whom/that I met yesterday is a doctor.
- which/that作主语或宾语:The car which/that he bought last week is very expensive.
用法
英语定语从句通常用来进一步描述和限定主句中的名词或代词。例如:
- The movie that we watched yesterday was very interesting.(定语从句修饰movie)
- The lady who is standing over there is my neighbor.(定语从句修饰lady)
- The computer which I bought last year is broken.(定语从句修饰computer)
此外,英语定语从句还可以用来代替主句中的某个成分,例如:
- The man who I met yesterday is a doctor.(who代替主句中的I met yesterday)
- The book which I borrowed from the library is very helpful.(which代替主句中的I borrowed from the library)
注意事项
在使用英语定语从句时,需要注意以下几点:
- 关系词的选择应根据其在从句中充当的成分而定,例如who/that作主语,whom/that作宾语等。
- 在口语中,that通常用于限定人或物,而which只用于限定物。
- 在定语从句中,关系代词可以省略,但关系副词不能省略。
- 在定语从句中,介词后面的关系词应使用whom或which,而不是who或that。
以上就是英语定语从句的详细讲解,希望能对大家学习英语语法有所帮助。