英语中有八个时态,包括简单现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、简单过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、将来时和将来完成时。这些时态可以用于主动语态和被动语态中,下面我们将分别介绍它们的结构。
主动语态
1. 简单现在时
在主动语态下,简单现在时的结构为:
主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
例如:
- I study English every day.(我每天学习英语。)
- She likes to read books.(她喜欢读书。)
2. 现在进行时
现在进行时的结构为:
主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 + 其他
例如:
- They are watching TV now.(他们正在看电视。)
- He is playing basketball at the moment.(他此刻正在打篮球。)
3. 现在完成时
现在完成时的结构为:
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他
例如:
- I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。)
- She has bought a new car.(她买了一辆新车。)
4. 简单过去时
在主动语态下,简单过去时的结构为:
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
例如:
- They visited London last year.(他们去年参观了伦敦。)
- She cooked dinner for us yesterday.(她昨天为我们做了晚餐。)
5. 过去进行时
过去进行时的结构为:
主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他
例如:
- We were studying English at 8 p.m. last night.(昨晚八点我们正在学习英语。)
- He was playing the guitar when I entered the room.(我进入房间时,他正在弹吉他。)
6. 过去完成时
过去完成时的结构为:
主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他
例如:
- They had finished the project before the deadline.(他们在截止日期之前完成了项目。)
- She had traveled to many countries before she turned 30.(她在30岁之前去过很多国家。)
7. 将来时
在主动语态下,将来时的结构为:
主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他
例如:
- I will call you tomorrow.(我明天会给你打电话。)
- They shall arrive in Beijing next month.(他们下个月将到达北京。)
8. 将来完成时
将来完成时的结构为:
主语 + will have + 过去分词 + 其他
例如:
- By this time next year, I will have graduated from college.(到明年这个时候,我将已经从大学毕业了。)
- They will have been married for 10 years next week.(下周他们将结婚十周年。)
被动语态
在被动语态下,动词的形式会发生变化,通常是在动词原形后加上-ed或-en。下面是每个时态在被动语态下的结构。
1. 简单现在时
在被动语态下,简单现在时的结构为:
主语 + am/is/are + 被动语态的动词 + 其他
例如:
- English is spoken in many countries.(英语在很多国家被使用。)
- The book is being read by him.(这本书正在被他阅读。)
2. 现在进行时
现在进行时的被动语态结构为:
主语 + am/is/are + being + 被动语态的动词 + 其他
例如:
- The house is being built by a group of workers.(这所房子正在被一群工人建造。)
- The movie is being watched by many people.(这部电影正在被很多人观看。)
3. 现在完成时
现在完成时的被动语态结构为:
主语 + have/has + been + 被动语态的动词 + 其他
例如:
- The project has been completed by the team.(这个项目已经被团队完成了。)
- The letter has been written by her.(这封信已经被她写了。)
4. 简单过去时
在被动语态下,简单过去时的结构为:
主语 + was/were + 被动语态的动词 + 其他
例如:
- The building was constructed in 1990.(这幢建筑于1990年建成。)
- The book was written by a famous author.(这本书是由一位著名作家写的。)
5. 过去进行时
过去进行时的被动语态结构为:
主语 + was/were + being + 被动语态的动词 + 其他
例如:
- The car was being repaired by the mechanic when I arrived.(我到达时,汽车正在被机械师修理。)
- The house was being painted by the workers when it started raining.(下雨时,工人们正在给房子刷漆。)
6. 过去完成时
过去完成时的被动语态结构为:
主语 + had + been + 被动语态的动词 + 其他
例如:
- The work had been done before the boss came back.(老板回来之前工作已经完成了。)
- The gift had been wrapped by her when I saw it.(当我看到它时,礼物已经被她包装好了。)
7. 将来时
在被动语态下,将来时的结构为:
主语 + will/shall + be + 被动语态的动词 + 其他
例如:
- The party will be organized by Tom.(这个派对将由汤姆组织。)
- The meeting will be held next week.(下周会议将会召开。)
8. 将来完成时
将来完成时的被动语态结构为:
主语 + will have + been + 被动语态的动词 + 其他
例如:
- By the end of this year, the building will have been completed.(到今年年底,这幢建筑将已经完成了。)
- By this time next week, the work will have been done.(到下周这个时候,工作将已经完成了。)
无论是主动语态还是被动语态,在使用时都需要根据上下文和需要来灵活运用。希望本文能够帮助您更好地理解英语时态的用法和结构。