本文目录
定语从句主语从句宾语从句的用法
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
一,同位语从句相当于一个名词,对前面的名词
起解释说明作用,而定语从句相当于一个形容词,
对前面的名词,代词起修饰限制作用.
The
fact
that
they
won
the
game
pleased
all
of
them.
(that
clause
=
the
fact)
The
news
that
they
told
us
cheered
us
all.
(that
指代
the
news)
Suddenly
the
thought
came
to
me
that
he
could
go
blind.
(同位从句)
The
thought
that
he
could
go
blind
made
me
feel
sad.
(同位从句)
(定从)
The
thought
that
suddenly
came
to
me
is
terrible.
二,名词
idea,
word,
news,
promise,
fact,
information,
problem,
question,
hope,
truth,
suggestion,
doubt,
fear,
belief等后常跟一个同位语从句来说明该名词的内
容,解释其内涵.
1.
He
made
a
promise
that
whoever
could
set
him
free,
he
would
show
him
all
the
treasures
in
the
world.
2.
Word
(News)
came
that
our
team
won
the
game.
3.
Who
will
go
to
find
out
the
information
when
they
will
set
out
to
visit
the
Great
Wall?
三,引导同位语从句的
that,
whether,
when,
where,
who,
how,
why等不等于或不能替换前面的名词或代词,这些引导词在同
位语从句中均不能省略,引导同位语从句的
连接副
词when,
where,
who,
how等在同位
词从句中作状语时,有疑问意义.that无实义不作句子成分(如上述例子);
而定语从句的引导词要在从句中担任句子成分,that,
which,
who/whom等作从句宾
语时常可省略.
1.
I
have
known
the
fact
that
(不等于fact)
our
school
has
gone
far
ahead
of
any
other
school
in
our
country
every
aspect.
2.
He
would
not
tell
us
the
idea
whether
(不等于
idea)
he
was
wiling
to
help
us
out
of
difficulty.
3.
I
could
hardly
believe
the
reason
why
(不可替
换
reason)
he
was
late
again.(why有疑问意义)
记得采纳啊
定语从句和同位语从句同时出现的例句
定语从句与同位语从句最本质的区别就是，同位语从句是对主语的进一步诠释，定语从句是对先行词的修饰,定语从句的先行词几乎可以是任何名词，而同位语从句的主语只能是有内涵的词语
eg:I
don't
like
the
way
you
speak
to
her.这里的定从是对方式的修饰，我不喜欢这个方式，什么方式呢，你对她说话的方式。
同位语从句例句：We
all
cheer
up
when
we
heared
the
news
that
our
team
won
the
first
prize.这里的同位语从句是对我们听到的这个新闻的诠释。
定从例句：I
am
eating
the
apple
that
my
mother
left.
This
is
the
ball
which
is
left
by
Tom.
It's
my
father
who
has
saw
the
accident.(此句同样是强调句）
同位语：I
have
gotten
the
message
that
Tom
had
won
the
game.
举一个同位语从句的例子
1. 名词作同位语
Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们.
2.短语作同位语
I’m the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子.
3. 直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”
4. 句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊.一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息.
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里.
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word（消息）,possibility等.如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等.（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句.）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来.
He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 如：
Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们.
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.
五、同位语从匈与定语从句的区别.
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如：
The news that l hove passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的.
（同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.）
The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.
（定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.）
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.（that在从句中不充当任何成份.）
The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊.
（that在从句中作gave的宾语.）
表句从句就是"表句是个句子",同理,宾语从句,定语从句都这样理解.
表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语/
下面是我找到的材料,参考一下吧.
基本概念
1． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句.
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
(1) 从属连词that.如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了.
(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if.如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样.
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们.
注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it?s as if it was only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样.
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等.如：
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了.
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why.
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢.
The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的.
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的.
重点疑难
1． 连词because可引导表语从句.如：
I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多.
2． 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气.should+动词原形表示,should可省略.如：
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发.
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句.定语从句和同位语从句容易混淆.
?在英语复合句中,有些定语从句和同位语从句从表面形式上看非常相似,使许多人难以分辨彼此.本文拟从先行词和引导词两个方面对二者进行区别.
?一、先行词
?1．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea,plan, fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question, thought,belief,conclusion等少数名词.例如：
?①The boy who is playing football is my classmate．
?②Those who work hard will succeed．
?③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody．
?④The fact that you are talking about is im portant．
?在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,其先行词是名词 boy,它不能用作同位语从句的先行词.
?在②句中,划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词.
?在③句中,划线部分是同位语从句,其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词,④句便是一例.
?由以上分析可见,同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词,但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词.
?2．when,where,why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词.例如：
?①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
?②I have no idea when she will be back．
?在①句中,划线部分是when引导的定语从句,其先行词day是表示时间的名词；在②句中,划线部分是when引导的同位语从句,其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词.
?二、引导词
?定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that,when,where,why.下面把四个引导词
?分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法.
?1．引导词that
?引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成分,并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用.例如：
?①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting．
?②We heard the news that our team had won．
?在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词news.在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,that没有任何意义,只起连接作用.
?2．引导词when,where,why
?引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式；引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.例如：
?①I will never forget the day when I joined the army．
?②We have no idea when she was born．
?在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,它可以转换成on which的形式；在②句 中,划线部分是同位语从句, when在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.
?③This is the house where I lived two years ago．
?④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held．
?在③句中,划线部分是定语从句,where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成in which的形式；在④句?中,划线部分是同位语从句, where在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.
?⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting．
?⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent．
?在⑤句中,划线部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成for which的形式；在⑥句 中,划线部分是同位语从句,why在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.
英语六大从句句式及例句
1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. 5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 *限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 That is all that I've heard from him. He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. 6.状语从句 *时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有： 1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。 As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. *地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever. Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her. *原因、结果和目的状语从句 1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well. 2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等。 Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave. 3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station. *条件和让步状语从句 1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。 As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data. 2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind. Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child) *方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。 The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him. Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
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