英语语法中,主语从句和定语从句是两个常见的语法结构,它们在句子中的作用和语法结构有所不同,以下是它们的区别:
主语从句
主语从句是指在句子中充当主语的从句,一般由“that”、“whether”、“if”等引导,例如:
- That she is successful is not surprising.(她成功并不令人惊讶。)
- Whether he will come to the party is still unknown.(他是否会来参加派对还不确定。)
- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们会呆在家里。)
从以上例子可以看出,主语从句中的“that”、“whether”、“if”等引导词在句子中充当主语,整个从句作为主语出现在句子的开头部分,而主语从句本身相当于一个名词,可以被替换或补充,例如:
- It is not surprising that she is successful.(她成功并不令人惊讶。)
- The unknown whether he will come to the party still bothers me.(我仍然担心他是否会来参加派对。)
- Staying at home is our plan if it rains tomorrow.(如果明天下雨,呆在家里是我们的计划。)
定语从句
定语从句是指在句子中充当定语的从句,一般由“who”、“whom”、“whose”、“which”、“that”等引导,例如:
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。)
- The teacher who taught us English last year is from Canada.(去年教我们英语的老师来自加拿大。)
- The car which was parked outside the building was stolen.(在大楼外停着的那辆车被盗了。)
从以上例子可以看出,定语从句中的“who”、“whom”、“whose”、“which”、“that”等引导词在句子中充当定语,修饰先行词,而定语从句本身相当于一个形容词或者副词,可以被替换或补充,例如:
- The book I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。)
- The teacher who is from Canada taught us English last year.(来自加拿大的老师去年教我们英语。)
- The car parked outside the building was stolen.(在大楼外停着的那辆车被盗了。)
综上所述,主语从句和定语从句在语法结构和作用上有所不同,掌握它们的使用方法有助于提高英语语法水平。