英语中的倒装语法是指将谓语动词放在主语之前的语法结构。它主要分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种形式。
完全倒装
完全倒装是指将整个谓语动词短语都放在主语之前。它通常出现在以下几种情况:
否定词位于句首时。例如:
- Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
- Not only was he late, but he also forgot his homework.
表示方向、地点、时间或方式的状语位于句首时。例如:
- Up the hill ran the little boy.
- In the garden grows a variety of flowers.
- At the end of the street stands a tall building.
- Quickly did she finish her work.
在某些固定的句型中,如“Here/There + be动词”、“So/Neither + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语”等。例如:
- Here comes the bus.
- There goes my phone.
- So do I.
- Neither have I.
部分倒装
部分倒装是指将助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前,形成倒装结构。它通常出现在以下几种情况:
在以否定词或否定意义的副词开头的句子中。例如:
- He can't speak Chinese, nor can he write it.
- Rarely have I seen such a beautiful painting.
在表示“只有”“出现”的句子中。例如:
- Only in this way can we solve the problem.
- Up came the sun.
在以“not until”“never”“hardly”“scarcely”等开头的句子中。例如:
- Not until she left did he realize how much he loved her.
- Never before have I tasted such delicious food.
倒装语法的使用可以使句子更加生动、有力,强调句子中的某个成分,或使句子结构更加多样化。但是,在正式的书面语中,应该适度使用,否则会显得矫揉造作。