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高中英语语法基础知识大全
高中英语语法倒装句讲解
一、倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首， 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run.
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
二、倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1)Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit
答案： A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know
B. man know
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
答案： D.看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C,D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。
三、以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began
B.has the game begun
C. did the game begin
D.had the game begun
答案： D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
四、so, either, nor作部分倒装
表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither
D. I don't care also
答案： B. nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的'确如此”。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard.---So it is.
五、only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
六、as, though引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词， 副词， 分词， 实义动词提前)。
注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词， 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意：
让步状语从句中，有though,although时，后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。
七、其他部分倒装
1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题：
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know
B. man knew
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
答案 ：D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize
B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize
D. I realize
答案： B.
3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither
D. I don't care also
答案： B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示“也不”。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中， so用于肯定句， 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
;nor的倒装句用法总结
英语的倒装句是一个常考的知识点，它相对来说也比较难。学好倒装句的用法对我们的写作有很大的帮助。下面我为你们分享倒装句的用法 总结 大全。
▼▼目录▼▼
完全倒装
部分倒装
典型考题
● 完全倒装(无需助动词)
(1) there,here,down,up,in,out,now,then,before,away,off等副词开头的 句子 ,用来表示强调(主语为人称代词时不倒装);
(2) 表示地点的介词 短语 作状语且位于句首时;
(3) 表语置于句首,强调表语或保持句子平衡时.
方法 ：(1)副词+谓语+主语,副词+主语+谓语(主语为代词时不倒装);
(3) 介词短语+谓语+主语;
(4) 形容词/ed分词/-ing分词/介词短语+be+主语.
>>>
● 部分倒装(需借助助动词)
(1) only所修饰的副词/介词短语/状语从句位于句首时(但only修饰主语位于句首时不倒装);
(2) never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,little,not…until,at no time,not once,not,no,in no time等否定意义的词位于句首时;
(3) so…that中so或such…that中such位于句首时.
方法：以上三种情况都倒装主句.
(4) 形容词/名词/动名词+as/though的让步状语从句中(although引导的让步状语从句不能倒装,though也可以不倒装);
方法：倒装从句.
(5) not only…but also连接并列分句时(连接主语时不倒装);
方法：前倒后不倒.
(6) neither…nor连接并列分句时(连接主语时不倒装);
方法：前后都倒.
(7) so位于句首表示前句的内容也同样适用于后一个人或物时(只能是肯定句,且前后两句主语不同);
方法：so+助动词+主语.
(8) neither/nor用于句首,表示前句的否定内容也适用于后一句的人/物时(只能用于否定句,且前后两句主语不同);
方法：neither/nor+助动词+主语.
(9) 表示祝愿的祈使句中：
方法：副词+谓语+主语,may+主语+谓语.
(10)在虚拟语气中,如果if条件从句有系动词were或助动词should/had,可以把其置于句首,同时省去if.
>>>
● 典型考题
(答案分别为BBA)
1. So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
2. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
3. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?—Yes. _________ yesterday.
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
特别说明：
(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor。如：
You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。
She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。
请看考题(答案选D)：
Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
(2) 注意“So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的“So+主语+助动词”的区别。如：
“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
请看考题(答案分别为CD)：
1.— Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. —_________, and so did I.
A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she
2.—Father, you promised! —Well, _________. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.
A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
>>>
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高中英语语法倒装句知识点总结
倒装句是我们在读高中时学到的一个英语语法的知识点，也是一个重点知识。下面是我给大家整理的英语语法倒装句，供大家参阅!
英语语法倒装句的种类
当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序(the natural order)。在某些情况下，我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面，这种词序叫做倒装( the inverted order)。
倒装分两种：配合语法条例的倒装，叫“grammatical inversion”;配合强调语势的叫“emphatic inversion”。
语法上的倒装句是强制性的，包括下列 7 种：
1、疑问句，如：
Can you do it?
How old are you?
When did you know him?
Why did you elect him as captain?
Which of these apples do you prefer?
但疑问代词做主语时，不必倒置，如：
Who is your English teacher?
What happened last night?
2、表示“愿望”的句子，如：
May God bless you.
Long live the king!
3、“There”引导的句子，如：
There are many cars on the road.
There stand some big trees near the river.
There is a security guard outside the bank.
4、感叹句，如：
How beautiful the flower is!
What a smart boy you are!
5、有连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子，如：
Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.
She can't sing; neither can he.
John has never been late; nor have I.
6、省略连词“if”的条件副词分句，如：
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.
Had you worked harder, you would have passed.
7、“as, however”连接的让步副词分句，如：
Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.
However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.
谈过了语法上的倒装句，现在谈强调的倒装句。
Never have I seen such a wicked man.
On no account must this employee be removed.
Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.
No sooner had I left than the rain came.
Up jumped the puppy.
In came John.
Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.
Out came a woman and her maid.
英语语法倒装句常见结构及用法
完全倒装把谓语动词放在主语前面为完全倒装。在高三英语倒装句中，谓语是单个的动词(即没有助动词或情态动词)，其时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。在下列情形中出现完全倒装。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do、does、did，并将其置于主语之前。
完全倒装结构及用法
一、具有“地点”意义的副词、时间意义的副词，以及能表移动方向的副词放在句首，句子的主语是名词，谓语是连系动词或表示“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时，该动词放在主语前面。如：There goes the bell.
注意：当主语是人称代词时，尽管副词在句首，主谓不倒装。如：Out they rushed.
二、具有“方位”意义的介词短语或副词短语在句中作状语或表语放在句首，谓语是连系动词be，以及表示“位于、存在”或“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时，该动词放在主语前面。如：Among the hens is a big cock.
三、作表语的形容词或分词放在句首时，连系动词放在主语前面[英语语法]。如：Present at the party were the ladies in the big city.
四、全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。全部倒装常见结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
部分倒装结构及用法
把谓语的助动词、情态动词放在主语前面为部分倒装。在下列情形中出现部分倒装。
一、把“so ... that ...”句型中的“so + 形容词 / 副词”部分放在句首时，be动词或助动词放在主语前面。如：
So frightened was the girl that she daren't move an inch further.
二、用so，neither或nor构成的特殊句型，表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同样情况时，出现部分倒装。如：
Jim asked the question. So did Lily.
三、把具有“否定”意义的词语放在句首时，出现部分倒装。如：
Never shall I forget your advice.
四、注意下面几种情形的倒装：
1. “only + 状语从句”和“not until + 从句”位于句首时，在主句中进行倒装。如：
Not until the child slept did the mother leave the room.
2. “not only...but also...”连接两个分句，not only位于句首时，倒装在not only所在分句进行。如：
Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.
3. “no sooner...than...”句型中的no sooner位于句首时，倒装在no sooner 主句中进行;“hardly / scarcely...when...”句型中的hardly位于句首时，倒装在hardly / scarcely主句中进行。如：
No sooner had I gone in the house than it began to rain.
4. 当if引导从句表示虚拟语气时，if可省，再把从句中的were，had或should放在主语前面，形成部分倒装。如：
Had we been present, such a thing would not have happened.
5. 当as引导让步状语从句时，参照下面的形式进行特殊倒装。如：
Proud as these women are, they still look very weak. (作表语的形容词提前)
Student as he is, he often works in the factory. (作表语的名词提前，同时省去不定冠词a)
Hard as she worked, she couldn't support her family. (修饰谓语动词的副词提前)
Try as he would, he might fail again. (带助动词的谓语动词提前)
五、部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…,not only…(but also), hardly/scarcely…(when), no sooner…( than) 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
2) so, either, nor作部分倒装
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won''t go, neither will I.
3) only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
4) as, though引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
Young boy as he is, he knows a lot about basketball teams.
Hard as it was, they reached the peak of the mountain.
5) 其他部分倒装
1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
常见考法 1. not until 引导时间状语(从句)时的倒装;
2. 含so 的句子倒装与不倒装的区别;
3. only引导状语或状语从句时的倒装;
4. 虚拟条件句省略If时的倒装。
误区提醒
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
解析：答案为D.否定词not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don''t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care, neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
3) --- You forgot your purse when you went out. --- Good heavens, ____ .
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
解析：错选A。 本题空处不表跟前面情况一样，只是对上述情况的随声附和，所以不用倒装。正确答案B。
4)Only when the war was over ____ to hometown.
A. did the soldier return B. the soldier returned
C. returned the soldier D. the soldier did return
解析：only 引导状语或状语从句时主句要用部分倒装。此题为一般过去时，须在主语前加did, 故正确答案为A。
5) ____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see films so often.
A. If it is not B Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
解析：错选A。此题关键是前后时态要呼应。本题是一个虚拟条件句，根据主句的时态，应该是对过去情况的虚拟，所以往前推一个时态的话，应该是过去完成时。故正确答案为C。
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