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怎么区分谓语动词和非谓语动词的被动
区分谓语动词和非谓语动词方法如下:
1、谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词,主要由实意动词充当。另外,某些动词短语也可以是谓语动词。助动词,情态动词不能单独作谓语,只能协助主要动词一起构成谓语动词,因此不在谓语动词的范畴。
2、英语句子的成分与现代汉语中学的句子成分类似,基本构成也包含非谓语动词树状图主、谓、宾,有时有补语、状语,还有插入语等成分。由做谓语的动词在句子中称为谓语动词。
3、一般来说没有谓语的句子是不完整的,由于谓语是说明主语的,所以没有谓语的例句就像个没头的苍蝇,让人觉得很乱,不知所云。但是有些句子中谓语是可以省略的,比如感叹句,What a silly thing (you have done)!括号内的是句子的主语和谓语部分均可省略。
4、非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
5、在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
非谓语动词怎么判断
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
(5)作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果:
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
(7)作独立成分:
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
(二)动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式: Ving
否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
如何区分谓语动词和非谓语动词
区分谓语动词和非谓语动词:谓语动词,顾名思义就是作谓语的动词。谓语动词的形式:动词原形,动词三单,动词过去式(动词ed),而非谓语的形式:不定式(to do),现在分词(动词ing),过去分词(动词ed)。且一个简单句通常只有一个谓语动词,并列句和含有从句的句子中可以含有两个或两个以上的谓语动词,做题的时候要根据事情情况具体分析。
谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词,主要由实意动词充当。另外,某些动词短语也可以是谓语动词。助动词,情态动词不能单独作谓语,只能协助主要动词一起构成谓语动词,因此不在谓语动词的范畴。
英语句子的成分与现代汉语中学的句子成分类似,基本构成也包含非谓语动词树状图主、谓、宾,有时有补语、状语,还有插入语等成分。由做谓语的动词在句子中称为谓语动词。
一般来说没有谓语的句子是不完整的,由于谓语是说明主语的,所以没有谓语的例句就像个没头的苍蝇,让人觉得很乱,不知所云。但是有些句子中谓语是可以省略的,比如感叹句,What a silly thing (you have done)!括号内的是句子的主语和谓语部分均可省略。
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
非谓语动词是什么
看完下面这篇文章就会彻底明白了。
根据非谓语动词在句子中所处的位置可以分为如下两种情况:
一、非谓语动词处于句子谓语之中
二、非谓语动词处于句子谓语之外
一、非谓语动词处于谓语部分之中
首先通过几个例句来讲解什么是句子谓语和非谓语动词。
例句1:
I am eating. 我在吃(东西)。
am eating就是句子谓语。
am表达现在时间——又称为时间助动词
eating表达进行状态——又称为状态主动词(即非谓语动词)
所谓句子谓语和非谓语动词之间的关系为:
句子谓语= 时间助动词 + 非谓语动词(状态主动词)
现在相信你已经初步理解了什么是句子谓语,什么是非谓语动词,进一步举例如下:
例句2:
She did not go home. 她没有回家。
did go就是句子谓语。
did表达过去时间——又称为时间助动词
go表达一般状态——又称为状态主动词(即非谓语动词)
例句3:
I have eaten. 我已经吃了。
have eaten就是句子谓语。
have表达现在时间——又称为时间助动词
eaten表达完成状态——又称为状态主动词(即非谓语动词)
好以上是以非谓语动词处于谓语部分之中来讲解非谓语动词,下面以非谓语动词处于谓语部分
之外来讲解非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词处于谓语部分之外
例句1:
Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟有害于您的健康。
is就是句子谓语。
smoking是非谓语动词,处于句子的主语位置上,并不在句子的谓语部分之中。
例句2:
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
已经被告知过数次,这个淘气的男孩还是犯同样的错误。
made就是句子谓语
Having been told是非谓语动词,处于句子状语的位置,并不在主句句子的谓语部分之中。
例句3:
He has a lot of meeting to attend. 他有很多会议要去参加。
has就是句子谓语
to attend是非谓语动词,处于句子定语的位置,并不在句子的谓语部分之中。
以上通过非谓语动词在句子中所处的位置简单地介绍了句子谓语和非谓语动词之间的区别,相信此时你对句子谓语和非谓语动词你已经有了初步的理解。
上面,我们提到了一些和非谓语动词有关概念,比如“一般态”“进行态”“助动词、“主动词”等,也许你还不十分清楚,这些概念非常简单,但它们却是理解“非谓语”以及深入理解句子“谓语时态”的关键。
关于这些概念请参考《英语思维:解密英语语法的原理》专栏文章——时态的起源部分。
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