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同位语为什么用a不用the
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句:
1. 如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略)
例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.
将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2. 如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句)
例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
3. 如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
例:I have no idea when he will be back.
析:he will be back意义不完整,应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。
同位语从句中的that做成分吗
1.that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词
2.代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all,anything,much等,这时的that常被省略
从引导词that来看
引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;同位语从句的名词通常有new,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等.如:
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.
that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别是什么
that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别
1、性质不同
同位语从句是名词性从句,是对一个名词加以补充说明,定语从句是形容词性的,对一个名词加以修饰限定。
The news(that)he told me is really encouraging.(定语从句)
The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.(同位语从句)
2、句法功能不同
同位语从句的连接词不充当句子成分,但不可省略;定语从句的关系代词代替先行词在句中充当成分,充当宾语时可省略。
The news that he told me is really encouraging.(that在定语从句中做宾语)
The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.(that在同位语从句中不作成分,只起连接作用)
3、先行词不同
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常是抽象名词,有一定的内涵。常见的有idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, truth, possibility, promise, order,news, order, ability等等。
定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛,可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分甚至整个句子。
同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。
同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。
名词作同位语
Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.
王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们。
(在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang')
短语作同位语
I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.
我,作为家里最大的女孩,总是要照料家中的其他孩子。
直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”
但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”
句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.
巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
固定用法
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定"
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won.
我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。)
He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。
常接同位语从句的名词
常跟同位语从句的名词是抽象名词,记住是抽象名词。例:I got news just now that we are going to have an exam next Friday. news(确切之意)=that + 句子(全句之意)。又例:The teacher gave us some advice that we need practice speaking with classmates everywhere, such as in class, in the dining hall, on the playground, on the way to the classroom or back to the dormitory. advice=that + the whole sentence. Are you clear?
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