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虚拟语气的用法归纳记忆口诀
虚拟语气的用法主要有主语从句里的虚拟语气,表语从句里的虚拟语气,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,其中还包括混合虚拟语气,含蓄虚拟语气等。
虚拟语气的用法
一、表示与现在事实相反的情况:
从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do
二、表示与过去事实相反的情况:
从句:If 主语+had+done
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done
三、表示对将来情况的主观推测:
主句:主语+should+do
从句:①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were
四、 有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
五、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。
六、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but for…等。
七、 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
虚拟语气的应用条件
在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。
即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,愿望,假想,猜测,怀疑或建议,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。主要是英语语法的一种表达。
高考英语虚拟语气语法总结
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法:
条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,此时主句不用虚拟语气;而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生,此时用虚拟语气。如:
If I have time,I will go. 假若我有时间,我就去。 (陈述语气) If I were you,I would go. 假若我是你,我就去。 (虚拟语气 ) 时态类型 主句谓语形式 条件句的谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反 would/should/could/might+ V原形 动词过去式 did
*be 多用were 1. If I were you, I should study English.
2. I would certainly go if I had time. 与过去事实相反 would/should/could/might + have done 动词过去完成式
had done 1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.
2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 与将来事实相反 would/should/could/might + V原形 ①动词过去式
②should +V原
③were + to do 1.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. ①
2. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.③ *规律总结:从句都往过去推一个时态,如:与现在相反的if从句就用过去时;与过去相反用过去完成时(即过去的过去)
注:特别说明
1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后;would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较:
If you tried again ,you would succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就会成功的。 (would表结果)
If you tried again, you might succeed. 要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的。 (might表可能)
If you tried again ,you could succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就能成功了。(could表能力)
2、错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多了。
3、If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句) 常考两个句型:If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…,其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如:
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been for your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=But for your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=Without your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助,我们不会成功的。
4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式,即把were, had, should置于句首。例:
Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder.如果我能再上一次学,我会学习得更努力。
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)如果你问我,我会告诉你。
虚拟条件句的三种基本类型
一、对现在情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。
If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town.
如果我是你,我会选择在小城镇工作。(事实上我不是你)
If I had a map now,we could easily get out of the forest.
如果现在有地图,我们能很容易地走出森林。(事实上是现在没有地图)
注意:在条件从句中,如果谓语动词是be的形式,不管主语是单数还是复数,书面语中用were,而口语中如果是单数,也可以用was,不过在if I were...中一般用were.
If the world were perfect,how could we enjoy the pleasure and comfort of being successful?
世界若完美,我们如何能尝到创造成功的快慰?
二、对过去情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。
If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.
如果昨天没有你的帮助,我不会赶上公交车。(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我,所以我赶上了车)
三、对将来情况的虚拟
在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。
If things were to be twice,all would be wise.
假如凡事都可以重新做一次,人人皆可成为聪明人。(事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)。
扩展资料
虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或纯假想的情况,可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想。
虚拟语气的本质就是对根本不可能的情况发生假设。我们可以记住这样一个原则,即把时态向过去推一格。
其他虚拟条件句
一、错综时间条件句
有些条件句的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致,这类句子称为错综时间条件句。
If you had taken my advice then,you would not be in trouble now.
如果当时听我的劝,你现在就不会有麻烦了。(if 条件句是对过去的虚拟,故用过去完成时,而主句是对现在的虚拟,故用“would+动词原形”形式)
二、含蓄条件句
有些句子虽不含条件从句,但意思和条件句相差不多,这种句子称为“含蓄条件句”,这种句子有时候会用虚拟语气。
Without electricity,the world would be dark.(=If there were no electricity ,the world would be dark.)
如果没有电,世界将会一片黑暗。
参考资料:百度百科虚拟条件句
谁给我讲讲谁是最漂亮的一位星座
虚拟条件句中,如果主句和从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。注:往往有明显的时间标志。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符。
eg:
If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer now.
如果我当时在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在就是一个工程师了
If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
如:
If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话,我们就已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her,he would have greeted her.
要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。
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