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请大家给我讲下虚拟语气常用的几种形式英语
虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测, 建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实.它的用法在表情达意的过程中发挥着重要的作用.近几年高考在单项选择这一题型中出现不多,但在完形填空和短文改错中仍然大量出现.例如,2003年高考完形填空第38题考察的就是在篇章语境中的虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法.虚拟语气的实际用法主要包括以下几种：
1、 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示“强烈的祝愿或命令的语气”. 常用“May+主语+动词原形”或“主语+动词原形”.例如：May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久. You go out! 你出去!
2、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法.由wish引导的宾语从句常表示说话人的一种强烈的却暂时无法实现的愿望.
How I wish she would be on my side!(But in fact it’s quite impossible.我多么希望她能站在我一边啊!
How I wish I could help him! 我多么希望我能帮助他啊! How I wish I had watched the close NBA game last night.
另外,在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的及物动词（order, command, demand, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise）之后的宾语从句中的谓语动词同样常使用虚拟语气,表示说话人的要求,其结构为：主语+should+动词原形,其中的should常可省略.例如：The head teacher demanded that we (should ) finish the task in time today.
但是,当insist表示“坚持认为”的意思时,或suggest表示“暗示”或“表明”之意时,宾语从句仍用陈述语气.试比较：My parents insisted that I ( should) enter a key university. /My parents insisted that they were right.
The soldier’s pale face suggested that he was happy to have given his life to his motherland.
The monitor suggested that we (should ) hold a class meeting tomorrow afternoon to discuss the problem.
3、 虚拟语气用在主语从句中.
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural, a pity, suggested, advised, demanded, commanded, ordered ) that . " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词常用：“ should + 动词原形 ”.例如：
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步.
It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的.
It's suggested that we should take good care of the patient.
同理,在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的名词前后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词同样用虚拟语气,既：“主语+(should)+ 动词原形”的句型.例如：
His suggestion /advice is that we should start early tomorrow morning.
3、虚拟语气用在状语从句中.
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中.在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种虚拟形式,即虚拟条件现在式,过去式和将来式.
1) 虚拟条件现在式：表示与现在事实相反的假设及根本不可能的假设或结果：
条件状语从句
结果主句
If 主语+ 动词过去式（be 用were）
主语+ would/could/should/might + 动词原形
2)虚拟条件过去式：表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句
结果主句
If+主语+ had + 过去分词
主语+should/ would/could/might+ have+ 过去分词.
3）虚拟条件将来式：表示与将来事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句
结果主句
If+ should /were to +动词原形
主语+ should/ would/could/might+动词原形
If I were you, I should get it. 如果我是你,我就买了它.
If I had time now, I would study French. 如果我现在有时间,我会学习法语的.
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的.
If it were to be fine tomorrow, I would go shopping with my friends.
如果明天天气好,我将和朋友们一起去买东西.
虚拟语气在特殊句型中的用法
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原发布者:我是木头人970
虚拟语气一、if引导的虚拟条件句（表示与事实相反的假设）：现在：If+主语+过去式/were，主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形过去：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词过去式/were将来：If+主语+should+动词原形，主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形wereto+动词原形另外：有些词，如：or／otherwise（否则）；without（没有）；butfor（要不是……）等，表示一个隐含的条件，所用的虚拟语气与if引导的虚拟条件句结构相同注意：if引导的虚拟条件句中，谓语部分含有were／had／should，可将引导词if省略，并将were／had／should提到句首。二、wish之后接的宾语从句（表示不可能实现的愿望）：过去式/were（现在）Wish+（that）had+过去分词（过去）would/could/might+动词原形（将来）三、asif/asthough常与seem/look/appear等动词连用，表示“看起来似乎……好象……”；以及ifonly表示“要是……该多好啊”所用的虚拟语气结构与wish结构相同；四、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用：1、表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”、“坚持”等词后所带的名词从句用虚拟语气，结构都是：Array，其中should可以省略。记忆口诀：insist2、动词 order+（that）+主语+Arrayadvise/suggest/recommend（宾语从句）require 3、名词：advice/suggestion/order/request之后
虚拟语气的固定句型
常见的虚拟语气句型一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
1庇胂衷谑率迪喾吹男槟庥锲形式
If＋主语＋动词的过去式（be要用were）……, 主句主语＋would（或should, could, might）＋动词原形。例如:
If I were you, I would buy a car. 如果我是你, 我就买辆车。（注: 在第一人称中, 主句中的would也可用should）
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式
If＋主语＋had＋过去分词……, 主句主语＋would（或should, could, might）＋have＋过去分词。例如:
①If my lawyer __________ here last Saturday, he __________ me from going. （MET’89）
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
此题的正确答案为A。
②I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she __________, she would have met my brother. （NMET’94）
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
此题的正确答案为D。
3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气形式
If＋主语＋动词的过去式（或were to ＋动词原形, 或should ＋动词原形）……, 主句主语＋would（或should, could, might）＋动词原形。例如:
If it should rain tomorrow, what would we do? 如果明天下雨, 我们怎么办? （注: 从句中的should rain可以换成were to rain或rained）
二、虚拟语气的其它句型
1毙槟庥锲用在动词wish带的宾语从句中, 宾语从句的谓语动词形式为:
①谓语动词用过去式（be用were）表示现在的情况。例如:
I wish I didn't have a cold. 但愿我没有感冒。
②谓语动词用过去完成式表示过去的情况。例如:
I wish I __________ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
此题的正确答案为C。
③谓语动词用would（或could, might）＋动词原形表示将来的情况。例如:
I wish you could come tomorrow. 但愿你明天会来。
注: as if（＝as though）引导的从句和if only后面所跟的句子也要用虚拟语气, 其形式和动词 wish所带的宾语从句的形式相同。例如:
①When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________. （NMET’95）
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
此题的正确答案为C。
②If only I had followed his advice. 若是我听了他的劝告就好了。
2庇媒榇识逃铮╳ithout..., butfor... ）、副词（otherwise）表示某种假设的情况, 相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。例如:
Without electricity human life __________ quite different today. （MET’91）
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
此题的正确答案为D。
3毙槟庥锲用在It ＋be ＋important（necessary, strange, natural）＋that clause句型中, that clause的谓语动词应为“（should ＋）动词原形”。例如:
It is necessary that he __________ to the hospital at once.
A. should send B. be sent C. would be sent D. sent
此题的正确答案为B。
4毙槟庥锲用在It ＋be ＋time ＋that clause句型中, that clause的谓语动词应为“动词的过去式（be用were）或should ＋动词原形”。例如:
It is time that he went（should go）to bed. 他睡觉的时间到了。
5. 虚拟语气用在order, ask, suggest（建议）, demand, request, insist（坚持要）等动词后面的宾语从句中, 宾语从句的谓语动词应为“（should ＋）动词原形”。例如:
He suggested that she __________ at once.
A. starts B. start C. should start D. started
此题的正确答案为B和C。
6. 虚拟语气用在advice, idea, order, plan, suggestion, demand, proposal等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中, 从句的谓语动词应为“（should ＋）动词原形”。例如:
①My suggestion is that you __________ the meeting next Sunday.
A. held B. would hold C. should hold D. could hold
此题的正确答案为C。
②The teacher gave orders that the work __________ before 4 o'clock.
A. finished B. be finished C. should be finished D. finish
此题的正确答案为B和C。
7. 虚拟语气用在It ＋be ＋suggested（ordered, demanded, requested... ）＋that clause句型中, that clause的谓语动词应为“（should ＋）动词原形”。例如:
It is suggested that we（should）start the work at once. 有人建议我们立即开始工作。
8. 虚拟语气用在would rather后面的从句中。用过去式（be用were）表示现在或将来的情况; 用过去完成式表示过去的情况。例如:
①I would rather you went next Sunday. 我愿你下星期天去。
② I would rather you hadn't done that. 我真希望你没做那件事。
常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构
1.if虚拟条件句
1. 与现在事实相反，if条件从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句用would/could/should+do
例：If I were in your position, I would call the police immediately. 如果我处在你的位置，我会立即打电话报警。
2 .与过去事实相反，if 条件从句谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should+have done
例：We would have missed our flight yesterday if John hadn’t offered us a lift. 昨天要不是约翰让我们搭车，我们就会错过航班了。
3 .与将来事实相反，if 条件从句谓语动词用一般过去式或should do或were to do，主句用would/could/should+do
例：If I had (should have) time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. 如果我明天有空的话，我当然会帮助你的。
【历年真题】
We ______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.（北京高考）
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
选D。句意：要是你没弄丢地图的话，我们现在就回到宾馆了。根据条件状语从句中if we didn’t lose the map可知，主从句都是对现在情况的假设，所以选D。
2. wish句型
1 、wish that sb. did sth. 希望某人现在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you. 我希望和你一样强壮。
考—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ______ always late.（北京高考）
A. weren’t
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be
D. wouldn’t have been
选A。句意：——孩子们在哪儿？这顿饭就要彻底泡汤了。——但愿他们永远都不要迟到。考查虚拟语气。根据句意表示的是现在的愿望，所以用一般过去时，故选A。
2. wish that sb. had done sth. 希望某人过去做某事
例I wish you had told me earlier. 要是你早点告诉我就好了。
3. wish that sb. would/could do sth. 希望某人将来做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time. 我希望你这次会成功。
3.It is high time that sb. did (should do) sth. 该……的时候了
例It is high time that we went to the classroom. 该我们进教室的时候了。
4.but for, without 要不是……，要是没有……
用由but for和without构成的虚拟语气，相当于if... not...引导的虚拟语气句式。
例：But for your advice, I would have failed. 要不是你的建议，我就失败了。
=If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have failed.
Without your help, I would not have accomplished this task. 要不是你的帮助，我就完成不了这项任务了。
=If I hadn’t got your help, I would not have accomplished this task.
5.if only 要是……就好了
例If only I had another chance! 要是我再有一次机会就好了！
6.as if/though 好像，似乎
用以as if/though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形：
例：They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如同陌生人。
【历年真题】
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ it?（重庆高考）
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. am doing
选A。考查虚拟语气的用法。as if后的句子若表示与事实相反，须用虚拟语气。根据前一句中谓语动词用一般过去时可知，as if后的句子表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词需用过去完成时。故选A。
7.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型
1、动词expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish等的过去完成时态，或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望，常意为“本来希望、计划、打算……做……但实际没做到”。
例I had planned to go abroad after graduation, but my mother was ill。我本来计划毕业后出国的，但是我母亲生病了。
2、情态动词should, could, might, ought to等后接完成时，表示过去本该做、打算做、想做而未做的事情。结构如下：
should have dOne=ought to have done本应该做而没做
could have done 本可以做某事而没做
might have done 本可以做而没做
例：They ought to have apologized. 他们本该道歉的。
I missed the important meeting. You should have reminded me of attending the meeting yesterday. 我错过了这次重要会议。你昨天本该提醒我参加这次会议的。
【EXERCISE】
1.______ your timely help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time. I can’t thank you too much.
A. Rather than
B. Except for
C. In addition to
D. But for
2.I ______ to send him a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I ______ it.
A. hoped; hadn’t managed
B. hoped; didn’t manage
C. hope; don’t manage
D. had hoped; didn’t manage
3.—How did you do in the test?
—Not so well. I ______ much better but I misread the directions for Part D.
A. could have done
B. could do
C. must have done
D. should do
4.It’s a pity you were late, otherwise you ______ the film star Rain from Korea.
A. would have seen
B. must have seen
C. may have seen
D. can have seen
5.—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he ______ his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive
B. must have driven
C. would have driven
D. had driven
6.The printer is of good quality. If it ______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
7.—Is the manager available tomorrow afternoon?
—No, he is busy. Otherwise he ______ the meeting.
A. had attended
B. would have attended
C. would attend
D. could have attended
8.He was fired. If he ______ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. followed
B. should follow
C. had followed
D. follows
9.—Why wasn’t John hired for the job?
—I don’t know, but he ______.
A. was
B. had been
C. should have
D. should have been
答案
01-05 DDAAC
06-09 BCCD
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