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语文病句的八种类型例子
语文病句的八种类型如下:
1、成分残缺:是指一个句子缺少了应有的成分,影响了意思的表达。常见的是缺主语或宾语。
例:从这一件平凡的小事中,却说明了一个大问题。
2、搭配不当:是指一个句子的各个成分之间搭配不符合语言习惯。
例:随地吐痰的人,是一种不文明的习惯。
3、语序不当:是指句子语序错乱,造成病句。
例:大家讨论并听取了校长的报告。
4、句式杂糅:两个句子糅合在一起,造成了句子不通顺的现象。
例:这办法又卫生,又方便,深受群众所喜爱。
5、前后矛盾:是指句子表述违背常理,造成前后矛盾的情况或者前后分句不对应的情况。
例:我敢肯定,明天大概要下雪。
6、词语误用:句子中词语感情色彩与句意不合而造成的病句,或关联词误用,就是词语误用。
7、重复累赘:是句子成分多余,造成重复累赘。
8、并列不当:句子中出现交叉包含的关系。
病句的定义:
病句是指在语法修辞或逻辑上有毛病的句子。凡是违反语法结构规律或客观事理的句子都是病句,前者叫语法错误,后者叫逻辑错误。
什么是语法错误,什么是逻辑错误
1.句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams.(误)
We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
2.句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
3.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
I have been studying in the college for two years(正)
5.词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)
6.名词可数与不可数的误用
Too much tests are disadvantage for students’ study. (误)
Too many tests are disadvantageous to students. (正)
In modern society, people are under various pressures(误)
In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. (正)
7.动词及物与不及物的误用
The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. (误)
The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. (正)
because of his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary. (误)
because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary. (正)
8.介词to和不定式符号的混淆
Too many tests will do harm to cultivate our independent thinking. (误)
Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation of our independent thinking. (正)
All these contributed to solve the serious problem. (误)
All these contributed to the solution to the serious problem. (正)
9.情态动词的误用
It may not good to our health. (误)
It may be not good to our health. (正)
They should spent much time. (误)
They should spend much time. (正)
10. There be句型的误用
There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. (误)
There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. (正)
There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education. (误)
There are many ways to raise the money for the tuition and fees for college education. (正)
1.动宾搭配不当
We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. (误)
We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. (正)
It also may help you to make success. (误)
It may also help you succeed/obtain your goal. (正)
2.根据中文逐字硬译
If someone’s family situation is not well, he can apply for loan to bank. (误)
If one’s family is not well off, he can apply to the bank for a loan. (正) Let alone touch the outside world of campus/keep a good body health(误)
Let alone get in touch with the world outside of the campus/keep fit(正)
上面这些错误比较典型、集中,请大家务必要注意,其他的错误,如单词拼写、大小写、标点符号的误用等,可谓千姿百态,无奇不有,在此就不一一列举。
句子运用中常见的语法错误有哪些方法
第十节 常见的语法错误
一 句法成分搭配不当
所谓句法成分搭配不当,是指句子中密切相关的句法成分,如主语和谓语、述语和宾语、定语和中心语、状语和中心语等,在组织句子时,由于没有注意照顾它们之间的配合,结果造成了搭配不当的毛病.
(一) 主语和谓语搭配不当
主谓搭配不当是常见的毛病.请看下面的例子:
(1)*修建高速公路是很必要的,但是应该看到,我们国家的经济基础还比较低,
还不能一下子省与省之间都通高速公路.(报)
例(1)“经济基础”不能与“低”搭配.如果要保留“经济基础”,可以将“低”改为“薄弱”;如果要保留“低”,可以将“经济基础”改为“经济发展水平”.
下面的例子是主谓搭配不当的另一种情况:
(5)*理论正确是衡量文章好坏的重要标准.
例(5)主语“内容正确”是从一个方面说的,而谓语“是衡量文章好坏的重要标准”则是从两方面说的,不搭配.宜将主语改成“内容是否正确”或“内容正确与否”.
当主语或谓语是联合词组时,更要注意主谓的配合.下面的句子都有问题:
(7)*一年不见,她的身体,她的业务水平和思想水平都比先前提高了许多.(刊)
例(7)“业务水平”和“思想水平”可以说“提高”,“身体”是不能说“提高”的.可将“身体”改为“健康水平”,便两项都照顾到了.当然也可以这样改:
(二)述语和宾语搭配不当
述语和宾语搭配不当,这有两种情况,一种是语义上不搭配,例如:
(1)*合伙人如严重违反合伙协议约定的义务,由此而造成的经济损失将由违反协
议者负责赔偿.(刊)
例(1)“违反”和“义务”在语义上不能搭配.宜改为“合伙人如严重违反协议,不履行合伙协议约定的义务,……”.
另一种是语法上不搭配.例如:
(4)*经过这一阶段的整顿,见到了成效,初步改变了这一条街长期来一直比较混
小学语文作文写作技巧
语法错误具体分类如下:
1. 主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性(person/number agreement)错误
由于汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响,英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致,谓语动词要随着主语而变化。而学生主要用汉语思维,因此他们往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数。例如:
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
b. He go to school by bike every day.
分析:
a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数,在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。
2.时态(Tense)
高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多,动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词小词来表示,对高中生来说,掌握英语的时态不是很容易。实际上,学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则,但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。例如:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.
b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
正确的句子:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.
b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
分析:第一句是一个常识问题,应该用一般现在时态。第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应该是过去时态。第三句主句是一般将来时,从句是一般现在时态。
3.语态错误
动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是,学生由于汉语思维的影响,很少考虑到用被动语态(Passive Voice)。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义,但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和一个变异的过去分词形式,其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息,中文里需要使用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语,不需要有不规则的动词形式。
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