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英语的被动语态结构be+过去分词
英语的被动语态结构如下:
(1)助动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
(2)情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
被动语态(Passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式
一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被""受""给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的过去分词,be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has)done,被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动,shall(will)be doing。现在完成时,被动 have(has)been done。现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。
英语的被动语态结构be+过去分词
英语的被动语态结构如下:
一般现在时: am/ is /are done 一般过去时: was /were done
一般将来时: will be done 现在进行时: am/ is /are being done
过去进行时: was /were being done 现在完成时: has/ have been done
过去完成时: had been done 将来完成时: will have been done
英语被动语态主要呈现于五种结构中。
一. 助动词be+v-ed构成的被动语态
They were married.
The chair was broken.
We were lost.
二. get+v-ed构成的被动语态
1. get+v-ed明白无误地表示动作。
He had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney.他企图在夜间钻进商店,但被卡在烟囱里了。
2. get+v-ed常常表示不合心意的事情
英语被动语态结构
- 01
主动语态与被动语态的区别:
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态
例:He killed her(他杀了她)
主语是动作的接受者为被动语态
例:She was killed by him(她被他杀了)
被动语态的形成
在16种时态中,有几种时态没有或无法形成被动语态,因此现代英语中常用的被动语态只有10种,如下图: - 02
分别举例说明:
一般时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态:主语 + be/is/sre + p.p(动词的过去分词,下同)
例:He is lovedby everyone.(他受到大家的爱戴)
例:I am askedto study hard.(我被要求努力学习)
一般过去时的被动语态:主语 + was + P.P
例:The book was written by him.(这本书是他写的)
例:He was seen dancing yesterday.(他昨天跳舞被看到了)
一般将来时的被动语态:主语 + will be +P.P
例:The naughty boy will be punished by his mother.(这个顽皮的男孩会被他妈妈惩罚)
例:He will be elected president next year.(下一年他将会被选为主席)
一般过去将来时的被动语态:主语 + would be + P.P
例:He said he would be dispatched to Syria.(他说他会被派遣到叙利亚) - 03
进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态:主语 + be/is/are being + P.P
例:Prisoners are being judged.(犯人正在被审判)
例:My bike is being repaired. (我的自行车正在修理当中)
过去进行时的被动语态:主语 + was/were being + P.P
例:The stadium was being built that time.(那时体育场正在建设当中) - 04
完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态:主语 + have/has been + P.P
例:This book has been translated into many languages.(这本书被翻译成很多语言)
过去完成时的被动语态:主语 + had been + P.P
例:The hostages had been released when police arrived(警察到时人质已经被释放了)
将来完成时的被动语态:主语 + will + have been + P.P
例:He will have been judged by the time you arrived. - 05
过去将来完成时的被动语态:主语 + would have been + P.P
例:I said that some delicious sandwiches would have been made by the time we got back.(我说了我们回来时美味的三明治已经做好了)
注意:
① 带有助动词的句子转化为被动语态时,这些助动词或情态动词要根据新主语做相应的变化,例:
主动:We shall not use the washing machine again.
被动:The washing machine will not be used again.
(洗衣机不能再用了)
② 带有双宾语的授予动词,其被动语态有两种,当直接宾语作为主语时,间接宾语前面加上相应的介词(to/for/of/on)。例:
I gave him a book. (主动)
He was given a book by me. (被动)
A book was given to him by me.(被动)
(我给了他一本书) - 06
那么什么情况下使用被动语态呢?
英语时态的被动形式
be+过去分词就是被动语态
楼上所说的 主系表结构 I was surprised.
实际上是 动词surprise的被动语态形式
surprise 意思是 使……感到吃惊
本质上也是被动语态
这样使用过去分词表被动
I want a simplified version.是这样得来的:
I want a version. The version is simplified. 先是两个简单句
I want a version which is simplified. 合并成定语从句
I want a version simplified. which is 可以省去
I want a simplified version. 放在名词前面才是要表达的意思(我要简体版本)
如果是I want a version simplified.
可看作I want a version to be simplified. 去掉to be的简写(意思是 我要这个版本变成简体)
就不是I want a simplified version. 的意思了
可以这样掌握现在/过去分词
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