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英语语法中的被动语态是什么意思啊
英语中的主动和被动就类似于中文的“把字句”“被字句”转换。比如“我把那只蚊子杀死了”和“那只蚊子被我杀死了”--I
killed
that
mosquito./That
mosquito
was
killed
by
me.
被动语态的结构往往是be动词+动词的过去分词+by+……（实施动作的人）最后两个部分在不强调实施动作人的情况下可省略（但考试的时候别省）。在互相转换时主要需要注意人称变化及时态的一致。
英语被动语态讲解视频
被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。
扩展资料
其具体变化为：
一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时：was/were+p.p.
一般将来时：shall /will be +p.p.
现在完成时：have /has been +p.p.
现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.
过去将来时：should /would be +p.p.
含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+p.p.例如：
① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.(选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态)
A.speak B.is speaking C.speaks D.is spoken
② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.(选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态)
A.were told B.is telling C.was told D.tells
③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.(选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态)
A.must B.must be C.has D.have
B.明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;
2.强调动作的承受者。例如：
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy. (填was broken)
C.熟练转换
1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的.语序为：疑问词+一般疑问句。例如：
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once.
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同义句) (填must be thrown away)
② Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)
Where ______ vegetables ______ ?(填were;grown)
D.注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：
① He told us a story.(变被动语态)
→We were told a story(by him).或：A story was told to us by him.
② Her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)(填was given to)
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.
2.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library.[D]
A.take away B.taken awayC.are taken away D.be taken away
② She will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)(填be taken good care of)
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).
3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动语态)
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.
(填was seen to)
4.不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。例如：
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.
A.be building B.build C.be built D.built [C]
5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
Who has broken the cup?(改为被动语态)
→By whom has the cup been broken?
E.注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
1)含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：
The window is broken.窗子破了。(系表结构)
The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)
2)用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：
He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)
F.牢记(相关)句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：
1.be covered with被……覆盖
2.be made of由……制作(发生物理变化) be made from由……制作(发生化学变化)
be made in由(某地)制造 be made by被(某人)制造
3.be used for被用来……
be used as被当作(作为)……来使用 be used to do sth.被用来做某事
4.It is said that...据说…… It is hoped that...希望……
It is well known that...众所周知……例如：
①—Your coat looks nice.Is it ______ cotton?[B]
—Yes.It's Shanghai.
A.made of;made by B.made of;made in
C.made for;made by D.made for;made in
② This machine is used ______ the room wet.[A]
A.for keeping B.as keeping C.keep D.to keeping
③ 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.
(填It is said;another bridge;built)
被动语态英文
在英语中，语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
(一)举例
Saddam is being tried. 萨达姆正在接受审判。
The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. 伊拉克政府正在审判萨达姆。
More and more people use computers now.(主动语态)
Computers are more and more widely used now.(被动语态)
English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)
(二)英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异
汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了，用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示，如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂，用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化，而这正是英语被动语态的难点。
(三)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词，因为不及物动词不能带宾语，也就不可能有被动语态。英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态常用的有8个。
什么叫被动语态结构
1. 被动语态的构成与用法
英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，也就是说它们是主动关系，此时动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，也就是说它们是被动关系，此时动词则用被动语态。英语的被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成，其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。如：
English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。
The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。
After the accident, the injured were taken to hospital. 事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救。
2. 九种时态的被动语态
各种时态的被动语态
请看以下用例：
We are given a lot of homework to do. 我们有很多作业要做。
They were given a warm send-off. 他们受到热烈的欢送。
I think we are being followed. 我想有人在跟踪我们。
They told me that the case was being investigated. 他们告诉我案子正在调查。
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。
He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital. 他问玛丽是否已被送进医院。
Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught. 仔细检查一遍，把所有错误都找出来。
He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道他会为此受到惩罚。
3. 含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。如：
You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能请你在会上发言。
Whenever (they are) known, such facts should be reported. 这类情况一旦发现就要报告。
All the above items can be obtained from our office. 所有上述资料可向我们办公室索取。
Something must be done to stop these accidents. 必须采取某种措施以防止这些事故。
These books may be appreciated better by older children. 年龄稍大的孩子可能更会欣赏这些书。
4. 短语动词的被动语态
“动词＋介词或副词”构成的短语动词，以及“动词＋名词＋介词”构成的短语动词，在被动语态中不要漏掉后面的介词或副词。如：
Good use is made of the library. 这图书馆的利用率很高。
A man who is much talked about is always very attractive. 被人谈论多的人经常是很有吸引力的人。
Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory. 我们实验室做了许多有趣的实验。
5. 关于“get+过去分词”
在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。如：
I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我尽快穿上衣服。
I wasn’t surprised she get elected after all the efforts she made. 她尽了一切力量之后，当选了，这不使我感到奇怪。
We got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 因为节日交通阻塞，所以我们被耽误了。
I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost. 我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路，结果迷路了。
注：这样结构比较常见的搭配有get arrested, get caught, get confused, get delayed, get divorced, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get elected, get engaged, get hit, get killed, get lost, get married, get stuck等。
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