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虚拟语气的三种时态表格
虚拟语气的三种情况是与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反,从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,即只需要看谓语动词的时态是过去时、现在时还是将来时。
判断时态看谓语动词
虚拟语气通常用于wish后的宾语从句中,表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。通常有三种形式:
①对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望:主语+wish+ 从句主语+would(could, might)+动词原形
eg:I wish she would try again.我希望她能再试一次
②表示与现在事实相反的愿望:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+动词过去式
eg:I wish I wasn’t leaving my son.我希望我没离开我儿子.
③对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/could have/had+过去分词
eg:I wish you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,与wish的时态无关。
虚拟语气的时态
与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式。如:
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。
与过去事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时。如:
If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。
与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式。如:
If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?
虚拟语气的几种情况
虚拟语气,对过去虚拟,从句用过去完成时
虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测, 建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away.
如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们。
If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.
如果我碰见了李华,我就告诉了他了。
If I had time. I could come to help you.
如果我有时间,我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.
他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there.
他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令。
May you be happy.
祝你幸福。
May you have a good time.
祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long.
祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey!
祝愿你旅途愉快!
You go out!
你出去!
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气, 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望,要求。
I wish she would be on my side.
我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I could help him.
我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形
It's necessary that we should have a walk now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在,过去和将来。
与现在事实相反的:
条件从句 结果从句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
与过去事实相反的:
条件从句 结果从句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it.
如果我是你,我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French.
如果我有时间,我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.
如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。
If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.
如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。
有关虚拟语气的几个问题:
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if,而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it .
如果她年青点, 她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.
如果他知道她的地址,他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you.
我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time.
我要有时间该多好啊。
She should have come to the party.
她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money.
如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。u
虚拟语气的三种形式例句
虚拟语气的三种形式如下:
1、对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望:主语+wish+从句主语+would(could,might)+动词原形。
I wish she would try again.
我希望她能再试一次。
2、表示与现在事实相反的愿望:主语+wish (that)+从句主语+动词过去式。
I wish I wasn’t leaving my son.
我希望我没离开我儿子。
3、对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时:主语+wish (that)+从句主语would/couldhave/had+过去分词。
I wish you had come to my birthday party.
你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
4、从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,与wish的时态无关。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设,或难以实现的情况,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。
此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
给你一个句子用英语怎么说
一、与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If you took a taxi,you'd get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去,你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)
二、与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如:
If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)
三、与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
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