本文目录
hope虚拟语气的三种时态是什么
if虚拟语气的三种时态如下：
1、对目前状况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去时，主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”方式，表明对目前不太可能实现状况的幻想。
If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town.
假如我是你，我会选择在小城镇工作。（实际上我不会是你）
2、对过去状况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式，主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”方式。
If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.
假如昨日没有你的协助，我不会赶上公交车。（客观事实是你昨日已协助了我，因此我赶上了车)
3、对未来状况的虚拟
在表明和未来客观事实反过来的条件从句中，谓语动词可用should do,were to do或者动词的过去时三种形式表明，但是意义略有不一样。should表明的可能性最大，动词过去时的可能性其次，were to do 的可能性最小。
If things were to be twice，all would be wise.
如果任何事都能从新做一次，每个人皆可变成聪明的人。（客观事实是不是全部的事都能从新做一次)
hope虚拟语气的三种时态是什么
1、对现在情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式，表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。
If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town.
如果我是你，我会选择在小城镇工作。（事实上我不是你）
注意：在条件从句中，如果谓语动词是be的形式，不管主语是单数还是复数，书面语中用were,而口语中如果是单数，也可以用was,不过在if I were...中一般用were.
2、对过去情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式，主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。
If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.
如果昨天没有你的帮助，我不会赶上公交车。（事实是你昨天已经帮助了我，所以我赶上了车)
3、对将来情况的虚拟
在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示，但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do 的可能性最小。
If things were to be twice，all would be wise.
假如凡事都可以重新做一次，人人皆可成为聪明人。（事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)
注意：在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。
其他条件句：
1、错综时间条件句
有些条件句的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。
If you had taken my advice then,you would not be in trouble now.
如果当时听我的劝，你现在就不会有麻烦了。(if 条件句是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时，而主句是对现在的虚拟，故用“would+动词原形”形式）
2、含蓄条件句
有些句子虽不含条件从句，但意思和条件句相差不多，这种句子称为“含蓄条件句”，这种句子有时候会用虚拟语气。
如: Without air (If there were notair), there would be no living things.
But for your help (If it ha dn'tbeen for your help) I couldn't have don e it.
英语虚拟语气笔记整理
虚拟语气是英语语法考试中的重点，那么你掌握了吗?下面是我为你整理的英语虚拟语气的语法的相关资料，希望大家喜欢!
英语虚拟语气的语法归纳
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题)
⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略)，根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题)
⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
虚拟语气的时态
一、过去式：
if 从句：had done
英语语法：虚拟语气的时态
主句：情态动词(would，could，might，should)+have done
英语语法：虚拟语气的时态
二、现在式：
if 从句：did/were
英语语法：虚拟语气的时态
主句：情态动词(would，could，might，should)+do
英语语法：虚拟语气的时态
三、将来时：
if 从句：①should/shall do
②were to do
③did/were
英语语法：虚拟语气的时态
6
主句：情态动词(would，could，might，should)+do
虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
(一)形式 注：
1.在从句中，be动词多用were的形式。在口语中，如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话，be动词可用was，但人们总是说：If I were you...
2.主句中的谓语可以由would，should，could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3.与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语有三种不同的形式：过去式、were +to do或should +do。 例句1：If I were you，I would study hard.我要是你的话，我就会好好学习。(与现在事实相反) 例句2：If I had studied hard，I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。(与过去事实相反) 例句3：If Iwere to pass CET-6，I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。(与将来事实相反)
(二)省略/倒装 如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。
例句4：Had it not been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5：Were he here now，he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。 注4：例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not，如果把该句还原成正常语序，应该是： If it hadn’t been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.
但是一旦句子发生了省略，就必须把hadn’t分开，否定词not还原，放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn’t it b
英语中对将来虚拟用什么时态
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(一)
如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢？
1. I wish I were a bird.
2. We request that you be here tomorrow.
也许你会说:"哈哈，第一句的 I were 错了，应该是 I was；而第二句中的 you be
是什么东东呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!"
其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译
为"假设语气"，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点。
Subjunctive Mood中文译作"虚拟语气"，似乎不及"假设语气"那么容易明白。它是一种
动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive
Past)两种；但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态
(Past Tense)是有所不同的。
一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present):
虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,
she, it)也是如此。如：
1.1 现在时态(Simple Present): (右边为虚拟语气)
I work ---- I work
you work ---- you work
he works ---- he work (注意到了吗，是 work，不是 works)
she works ---- she work (不是 she works 喔）
it works ---- it work (同样不是 it works 喔)
we work ---- we work
they work ---- they work
1.2 现在进行时态(Present Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气）
I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)
you are working ---- you be working
he is working ---- he be working
she is working ---- she be working
it is working ---- it be working
we are working ---- we be working
they are woring ---- they be working
1.3 现在完成时态(Present Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)
I have worked ---- I have worked
you have worked ---- you have worked
he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔)
she has worked ---- she have worked
it has worked ---- it have worked
we have worked ---- we have worked
they have worked ---- they have worked
1.4 现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)
I have been working ---- I have been working
you have been working ---- you have been working
he has been working ---- he have been working (是 he have, 不是 he has )
she has been working ---- she have been working
it has been working --- it have been working
we have been working ---- we have been working
they have been working ---- they have been working
嘘，暂时休息一会儿。下回再谈虚拟过去的动词有什么不同。如何，你喜欢她吗？
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)（二）
二、虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)
虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词 be，在虚拟过去
中要用 were。
2.1 过去时态(Simple Past):(右边为虚拟语气)
I worked ---- I worked
you worked ---- you worked
he worked ---- he worked
she worked ---- she worked
it worked ---- it worked
we worked ---- we worked
they worked ---- they worked
2.2 过去进行时态(Past Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)
I was working ---- I were working （注意是 I were）
you were working ---- you were working
he was working ---- he were working (是 he were 喔)
she was working ---- she were working
it was working ---- it were working
we were working ---- we were working
they were working ---- they were working
2.3 过去完成时态(Past Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)
I had worked ---- I had worked
you had worked ---- you had worked
he had worked ---- he had worked
she had worked ---- she had worked
it had worked ---- it had worked
we had worked ---- we had worked
they had worked ---- they had worked
(耶，全部都用 had ! )
2.4 过去完成进行时态(Past Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)
I had been working ---- I had been working
you had been working ---- you had been working
he had been working ---- he had been working
she had been working ---- she had been working
it had been working ---- it had been working
we had been working ---- we had been working
they had been working ---- they had been working
(全部都是 had been 喔）
看来很简单，是吧？下回我们就要谈到她的本领了。再见了！
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)（三）
虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
三、简单的祝愿和命令：
3.1 祝愿
1. May you be happy. (注意那个 be ) 祝你幸福。
2. May you have a good time.
3. May the friendship between us last long,
4. Have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快！
3.2 命令
注意：1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！
3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词 do，加上 not。
1. Work !
2. Work harder !
3. Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词 Be)
4. You go out !
5. Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)
6. Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替 do not)
这回就谈这么多，不会嫌少吧。
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(四)
四、在现在时态句里，用情态动词(Modal Verb)的过去时态
(could,might,should,would)表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼、委婉等：
1. Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.
(情态动词 would,表示客气有礼)
2. It would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)
五、虚拟语气在宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的用法：
5.1 在wish后的虚拟语气宾语从句(可省略它的that)：
表示：a.和现在的事实相反；
b.和过去的事实相反；
c.对将来的主观愿望。
5.1.1 现在情况的虚拟，从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)：
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.
(wish, 动词过去式 knew)
我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)
2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.
(wish, were)
但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)
3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)
但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能,难道是鸟人？呵呵)
4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.
(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)
5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.
(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)
6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.
(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
5.1.2 过去情况的虚拟，从句动词用"had + 过去分词"（时间上较前):
1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.
我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.
他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
3. We wished he had spoken to us.
(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
4. I wish you had called earlier.
(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
5.1.3 将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)，从句动词用"would/should/
could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后):
(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同喔)
1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)
2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)
3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)
4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)
5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)
为了这个wish的部份，可花了我不少时间喔。I wish you would appreciate my work.
hi hi……
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(五)
5.2 除了wish之外，下列各动词(如 suggest)的后面的虚拟语气宾语从句，其谓语用
：
"should + 动词原形"表示建议(suggest)、坚持(insist)等虚拟语气：
* suggest (建议), recommend (推荐), advise (劝告), propose (建议)
* insist (坚持), consent (允诺)
* decide (决定), order (命令)
* request (要求), demand (要求), desire (期望), ask (要求)
* maintain (主张), urge (催促)
1. I suggest that we (should 可省略,下同) start the meeting at once.
(suggest, should + start) (表示建议立即开会)
2. The doctor suggested that he (should ) try to lose his weight.
(suggested, should + try) (表示建议你应该减肥喔)
3. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any mains.
(insisted, should + be) (表示坚持,无论如何都要准时到那儿。你再讲也没
用哩！)
4. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.
(insisted, should + tell) (表示非要你告诉他不可)
5. He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by
themselves.
(ordered, should + wash) (表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)
六、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：
下列名词后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用"should + 动词原形" 表示虚拟语气：
* demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求)
* advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)
* order (命令)
* necessity (必要地), preference (优先)
* proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法)
1. The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.
(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告)
2. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
(idea, should + get) (表示做出主意)
3. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出计划)
虚拟语气之类的语法真是错综复杂，不是一时半刻就能弄清楚的。再会。
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(六)
七、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
句型：It is (或was) + 形容词(或过去分词) + that …… +should + 动词原
形……
句子：It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原
形do)
常用的形容词：
* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更
可取的), better (更好的)
* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫
的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)
* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)
* desirable (极好的)
常用的过去分词(Past Participle):
* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)
* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)
* orderd (命令)
1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.
(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)
2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备)
3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟)
4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the
rule of school.
(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)
5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.
(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人)
我们学习英文语法是为了在日常应用英语时能够更加得心应手。让我们一起学习，一起
进步吧。下回见！
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(七)
八、虚拟语气在条件从句(Protasis)中的用法：
条件从句有两类：（1）真实条件句；（2）虚拟条件句。
如果假设情况有可能发生的，就是"真实条件句"。如：
1. If time permits, we'll go fishing together.
(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）
如果假设的情况与事实相反，则为"虚拟条件句"。如：
1. If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。）
这回我们要谈的就是关于"虚拟条件句"的一些句型。
* 这种句子一般由"从句"（Subordinate Clause)和"主句"(Main Clause)组成。如上
例：
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
"If it had rained yesterday" 就是"从句"；"we would have stayed at home" 则
为"主句。
* 无论"从句"或"主句"的谓语都要用虚拟语气。它们所用的动词有三种时态
(Tenses)，就是：
现在时态、过去时态、将来时态。
* 句型：
8.1 与现在事实相反的假设(事情的发生都在同一时间内):
从句：if + 主语 + 动词的过去式(be 用 were) + ……
主句：主语 + would (should, could , might) + 动词原形 + ……
1. If I were you, I would go with him.
(从句 If I were you, 主句 I would go with him.)
2. If I were you, I should buy it.
(从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形 buy)
3. If I had time, I would study French. (如果有时间，我会学习法文。）
（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形 study）
4. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就
不必要我帮了。)
(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)
注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语 + would be + 进行式动词 + ……"
5. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.
(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用 would be speaking)
8.2 与过去事实相反的假设(假设从句的事实为过去的事)：
从句：If + 主语 + had +过去完成式动词 + ……
主句：主语 + would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词 +……
1. If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.
(从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用have passed)
如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。
2. If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.
(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用have failed)
如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。
3. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用 have caught)
如果你起身得早一点，你就会赶得上火车了。
4. If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.
(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用 have skied)
如果下雪的话，我就可在公园里滑雪了。
注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："I主语 + would + have + 完成进行式动词
+……
5. If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.
(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用 have been speaking)
8.3 与将来的事实可能相反(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)：
从句：If + 主语 + should (或were) + 动词原形 +……
主句：主语 + would (could, should, might) + 动词原形 +……
1. If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
(从句动词用should rain，主句动词用 be)
如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。
2. If he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.
(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用 tell)
如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。
3. If he were here, I would give him the books.
(从句动词用 were, 主句动词用 give)
如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。
注意：如果动作在进行中，从句(不是主句喔)要用："If + 主语 + 过去进行式动词
+……"
4. If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.
(从句动词用 were staying, 主句动词用 let)
如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。
8.4 从句的 If 有时可省略，那么从句中的动词(were, had, should)就得移到主语前
面：
1. 原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)
2. 原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)
8.5 有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1. I could help you. (只有主句）
2. If I had time. (只有从句）
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)
8.6 有时虚拟条件句的从句和主句地动词动作时态会不一致：
8.6.1 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
8.6.2 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I
would have gone to see the film with you last night.
8.6.3 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the
experiment next week.
8.6.4 从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
你们在学习中有什么心得，欢迎告诉我：peng2100315@sina.com 再会！
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(八)
九、其他虚拟语气在句子中的应用：
9.1 用as if (或 as though 好象) 的状语从句，表示与事实相反：
1. He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows
it very well.
（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）
他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。
2. The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back
to time 20 years ago.
(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)
那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。
3. They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
(would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)
他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。
9.2 用 had hoped 表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情。
其宾语从句的谓语要用"would + 动词原形"：
1. I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said
she liked to stay in China. 我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中
国。
9.3 用 without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果没有"，表
示条件虚拟句：
1. Without air, nothing could live.
要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。
2. But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.
要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。
3. In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.
如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。
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